Lipids Johns Hopkins University Section A Definitions 4 Some Definitions Lipids 132Generic name may include lipoproteins phospholipids etc Fats132Also a generic name but applied mostly to f ID: 116020
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Lipids Benjamin Caballero, MD, PhD Johns Hopkins University Section A Definitions 4 Some Definitions Lipids „Generic name, may include lipoproteins, phospholipids, etc. Fats„Also a generic name, but applied mostly to fats that are solid at room temperature Oils„Liquid at room temperature Fatty Acids„Basic building blocks for fats Triglycerides„Esters of fatty acids with glycerol (may also be mono-or di-glyceride) 5 Fatty Acids COOH[CCCCC] nH2 H2 H2 H2 H3 6 Fatty Acids COOH[CCCCC] nH2 H2 H2 H2 H3 Carboxyl end numbering system Methyl end n ( ) numbering system 7 Glycerides H2 H2 H2 HO-CHO-CHO-C Glycerol C -C -[C -C -CO-O-CC -C -[C -C -CO-O-CC -C -[C -C -CO-O-C Triglyceride H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 ]n ]n ]n 8 Other Lipids Phospholipids Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Sphingolipids, glycolipids Sterols Sex hormones Cholesterol Bile acids 9 Unsaturated Fatty Acids COOH[CCHCHCC ] nH2 H2 H3 Methyl end n ( ) numbering system 10 Structural Notation COOHC COOHC Palmitic acid, 16:0Oleic acid, 18:1, n-924681012141613579111315246811131517135791012141618H3 H3 11 Functions Energy storage, mobilization, and utilization Prostaglandin, cytokine synthesis Cell differentiation and growth Cell membrane structure, myelination Signal transmission Hormone synthesis Bile acid synthesis 12 Essential Fatty Acids Humans cannot synthesize double bonds within the last nine carbons of the methyl end (n) of any fatty acid chain Fatty acids with double bonds in those locations must therefore come from the diet„and are considered essential Thus, EFA are (poly)unsaturated There are no essential saturated fats 13 Essential Fatty Acids Only two fatty acids are essential: Linoleic and alpha-linolenicacids (ALA) Both are (poly)unsaturated Therefore, absolute requirements for fat in the diet applies only to unsaturated fat 14 Linoleic Acid: Cottonseed, Sunflower, Soybean, Corn C18:2, n-6,9 COOHC 24681012141635791113151718H3 15 Alpha-LinolenicAcid: Soybean, Mustard, Linseed, Walnut C18:3, n-3,6,9 COOHC 24681012141635791113151718H3 16 Each EFA Heads a Powerful Family 18:3, n-3 (ALA)20:5, n-3 Eicosapentaenoic(EPA)22:5, n-3 Docosapentaenoic(DPA)22:6, n-3 Docosahexaenoic(DHA) 17 Each EFA Heads a Powerful Family 18:3, n-3 (ALA)20:5, n-3 Eicosapentaenoic(EPA)22:5, n-3 Docosapentaenoic(DPA)22:6, n-3 Docosahexaenoic(DHA)18:2, n-6 (Linoleic)20:4, n-6Arachidonicacid (AA)ProstaglandinsLeukotrienes 18 Trans-Fatty Acids