Foundations of Science Vocabulary Apoptosis programmed cell death Metastasis spreading of cancerous cells to other parts of the body Cancer Cells that no longer respond to the signals that control growth an death ID: 276874
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Slide1
Cancer
Foundations of ScienceSlide2
Vocabulary
Apoptosis: programmed cell death
Metastasis: spreading of cancerous cells to other parts of the bodySlide3
Cancer
Cells that no longer respond to the signals that control growth an deathSlide4
Cancer
Cells that no longer respond to the signals that control growth an death
Arise from normal tissue cellsSlide5
Cancer
Cells that no longer respond to the signals that control growth an death
Arise from normal tissue
cells
Many genetic controls for the process of cell divisionSlide6
Cancer
Cells that no longer respond to the signals that control growth an death
Arise from normal tissue
cells
Many genetic controls for the process of cell
division
Mutations occur in the areas that control cell division and proliferationSlide7
Cancer
Cells that no longer respond to the signals that control growth an death
Arise from normal tissue
cells
Many genetic controls for the process of cell
division
Mutations occur in the areas that control cell division and
proliferation
Most cancer cells have 60 or more mutations in their genesSlide8
Multistep Process
Cells acquire a series of mutationsSlide9
Multistep Process
Cells acquire a series of mutations
Unrestrained growth/cell divisionSlide10
Multistep Process
Cells acquire a series of mutations
Unrestrained growth/cell division
Cell does not differentiate, meaning it does not function as the cell type it isSlide11
Multistep Process
Cells acquire a series of mutations
Unrestrained growth/cell division
Cell does not differentiate, meaning it does not function as the cell type it is
Evades cell death (mutated cells generally undergo apoptosis)Slide12
Multistep Process
Cells acquire a series of mutations
Unrestrained growth/cell division
Cell does not differentiate, meaning it does not function as the cell type it is
Evades cell death (mutated cells generally undergo apoptosis)
As the cancerous cell grows it stimulates growth of blood vessels, which gives it a supply of blood and nutrientsSlide13
Multistep Process
Cells acquire a series of mutations
Unrestrained growth/cell division
Cell does not differentiate, meaning it does not function as the cell type it is
Evades cell death (mutated cells generally undergo apoptosis)
As the cancerous cell grows it stimulates growth of blood vessels, which gives it a supply of blood and nutrients
Eventually tumor cells can spread to other parts of the bodySlide14Slide15
Cancer Is Genetic
Mutation can be inherited from parentsSlide16
Cancer Is Genetic
Mutation can be inherited from parents
An example would be BRCA1, the breast cancer geneSlide17
Cancer Is Genetic
Mutation can be inherited from parents
An example would be BRCA1, the breast cancer gene
Mutation can occur during cells normal function Slide18
Cancer Is Genetic
Mutation can be inherited from parents
An example would be BRCA1, the breast cancer gene
Mutation can occur during cells normal function
An example would be brain cancersSlide19
Cancer Is Genetic
Mutation can be inherited from parents
An example would be BRCA1, the breast cancer gene
Mutation can occur during cells normal function
An example would be brain cancers
Mutation could be due to exposure to some disease causing agentSlide20
Cancer Is Genetic
Mutation can be inherited from parents
An example would be BRCA1, the breast cancer gene
Mutation can occur during cells normal function
An example would be brain cancers
Mutation could be due to exposure to some disease causing agent
Lung cancer from smoking
Skin cancer from sun exposureSlide21
Cancer Mutations
There are two general areas of genetic mutation that allow cancer to begin and spreadSlide22
Cancer Mutations
There are two general areas of genetic mutation that allow cancer to begin and spread
Proto-oncogenes: Start cell divisionSlide23
Cancer Mutations
There are two general areas of genetic mutation that allow cancer to begin and spread
Proto-oncogenes: Start cell division
Tumor-suppressor: Turn off cell divisionSlide24
Cancer Mutations
There are two general areas of genetic mutation that allow cancer to begin and spread
Proto-oncogenes: Start cell division
Tumor-suppressor: Turn off cell division
Both sets of mutations allow cell to begin dividing and then to continuously divide, leading to uncontrolled cell growthSlide25
Types of Tumors
Benign: Tumor that is not cancerous and does not spread to other areas of the bodySlide26
Types of Tumors
Benign: Tumor that is not cancerous and does not spread to other areas of the body
Malignant: Tumor is cancerous and can spread to other areas of the bodySlide27
Benign Tumor Types
Adenomas: epithelial tissue (thin skin like layer)Slide28
Benign Tumor Types
Adenomas: epithelial tissue (thin skin like layer)
Fibromas: Connective tissue Slide29
Benign Tumor Types
Adenomas: epithelial tissue (thin skin like layer)
Fibromas: Connective tissue
Hemangiomas
: buildup of blood vesselsSlide30
Benign Tumor Types
Adenomas: epithelial tissue (thin skin like layer)
Fibromas: Connective tissue
Hemangiomas
: buildup of blood vessels
Lipomas
: Grow from fat cellsSlide31
Treatment For Benign Tumors
Unless it is causing pain, affecting normal function, or growing too fast, benign tumors can be left aloneSlide32
Treatment For Benign Tumors
Unless it is causing pain, affecting normal function, or growing too fast, benign tumors can be left alone
Otherwise, surgery to remove the growth is doneSlide33
Treatment For Benign Tumors
Unless it is causing pain, affecting normal function, or growing too fast, benign tumors can be left alone
Otherwise, surgery to remove the growth is done
Doctors will generally monitor to make sure it does not grow backSlide34
Malignant Tumors
Carcinoma: skin or tissue that line/cover organsSlide35
Malignant Tumors
Carcinoma: skin or tissue that line/cover organs
Sarcoma: Bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels or other connective tissueSlide36
Malignant Tumors
Carcinoma: skin or tissue that line/cover organs
Sarcoma: Bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels or other connective tissue
Leukemia: blood-forming tissue (bone marrow)Slide37
Malignant Tumors
Carcinoma: skin or tissue that line/cover organs
Sarcoma: Bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels or other connective tissue
Leukemia: blood-forming tissue (bone marrow)
Lymphoma/Myeloma: cells of the immune systemSlide38
Malignant Tumors
Carcinoma: skin or tissue that line/cover organs
Sarcoma: Bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels or other connective tissue
Leukemia: blood-forming tissue (bone marrow)
Lymphoma/Myeloma: cells of the immune system
Central nervous system: brain and spinal cordSlide39
Treatments For Malignant Tumors
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Stem Cell Transplantation(leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma)Slide40
In Conclusion
Cancer is a set of individual mutations that allow for uncontrolled cell growth
Each individual cancer is unique, and most treatments are tailored to the individual patient