Level 1Identify parts of speech Level 2Identify parts of sentence Level 3Identify phrases Level 4Identify clauses Phrases A group of words without a subjectamppredicate A g roups of words ID: 554337
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Slide1
Intro to Level 3 and 4 Sentence Analysis
Level 1=Identify parts of speech
Level 2=Identify parts of sentence
Level 3=Identify phrases
Level 4=Identify clausesSlide2
Phrases
A
group of words
without a subject-&-predicate
A g
roups of words
that
acts
like
a single part of speech.Slide3
1. Appositive Phrase
An interrupting
definition
.
Re-defines or explains a
noun
.
Appostives
or appositive phrases are
nouns
.
It is put (pos) beside (
ap
) the noun.Slide4
Appositive Phrase
Appositives
are
NONessential
phrases, set off with commas
:
A
jerkline
skinner
, Slim is admired by all for his skill with large teams of horses.
Lennie
,
a large man
, has the mind of a child.
George, a caring friend, warns
Lennie
to stay away from dangerous people on the farm.Slide5
Appositive Phrase
Lennie
and George dream of owning their own place,
a farm
.
Curley,
the boss’s son
,
picks a fight with
Lennie
.Slide6
Prepositional Phrase
Begins with a preposition and concludes with its
object (
always a noun/pronoun.)
“
pp”s
are always adverbial or
adjectival
.
He
ran
down the road
.
I love the river
by my grandma’s house
.Slide7
“pp”s
show TIME, SPACE, or DIRECTION!
A “pp” always modifies in a way that shows:
time (adverbial phrase answering the question “when?”)
space (adverbial or adjectival, answering the question “where?” or “which one?”)
direction (adverbial or adjectival, answering the question “where?/ how?” or “which one?”)Slide8
Prepositional Phrase
What else should I know about “
pp”s
?
*Review the list of prepositions to help identify prepositional phrases.
*If the “pp” modifies a noun, make sure to place it
next to that noun
or you will have a misplaced modifier= CONFUSED MEANING!Slide9
Prepositional Phrase
I read the note in the boat
from Adam
.
(MISPLACED “pp” = CONFUSED MEANING!)
It sounds like Adam gave you the boat, when actually …
I read the note
from Adam
in the boat.
(Correct word order = CORRECT MEANING)Slide10
Prepositional Phrase
If the object of the preposition is a pronoun, it must take the object form
.
The letter
is for him and me
.
She and I went
with you and him
.Slide11
3. Verbals
A
“
verb form”
used as a different part of
speech. WARNING: VERBALS are posers! They look
verby
but aren’t
verbs
.
1. Gerund
(
phrases)
(verb +
ing
, acts
as noun)
2. Participial
(phrases)
(verb+-
ing
, -en, -
t
, or -
ed
acts
as
adj
.)
3. Infinitive
(
phrases)
(“to +
verb,” acts
as noun or modifier
:
adj
or adverb
)
ALL OF THE ABOVE MAY BE SINGLE-WORD VERBALS!Slide12
3.a. Gerund (phrases)
A verb +
ing
that
ALWAYS starts a noun phrase or acts as a
noun
:
Running around the school
is fun.
The thing that make me happy is
doing my homework
.
Seeing Mrs. Santa Claus
puts a smile on my face
.
Sailing
is a great water sport.
(Single-word gerunds are nouns; they are
not
marked on
L3.)Slide13
3.b. Participial
phrases
verb+ -
ing
,-
ed
, -
t
, or -
en
Always
act
as an adjective
They must be placed next to noun they modify
!
(Single-word participles are adjectives; they are
not
marked on L3.)Slide14
Participial phrases
Taking out the garbage
, Neil encountered a rat.
Scratching his head
, Atticus squinted at the letter through
broken
glasses
.
(This
single-word participle
is NOT a participial phrase)
Elvis,
e
xhausted
from work
,
plopped
onto his couch.Slide15
3.c. Infinitive
Phrases
To + a verb
used as noun, adj. or adverb.
To run
in the sun
is fun
.
(L1,
n
.; L2,
S)
She loves
to smile
. (L1,
n
; L2, PN)
The show
to watch after the news
is
The Daily Show
. (L1, adj.)
Which one of these examples would
not
be marked on L3?Slide16
LET’s PRACTICE
!
Complete this chart
Gerund
Participle
Infinitive
The
verbal (or verbal phrase
)
“LOOKS LIKE” this…
The verbal (or
verbal phrase)
“ACTS LIKE” this
…
VERB
+ _______
NOUN
VERB +
ing
,
___, en, or ___
ADJECTIVE
____ + VERB
NOUN,
_____,
or
_____Slide17
Practice #2: Use
your chart to identify the
verbals
and
verbal phrases
in these
sentences, which you will find in the Grammar folder of
Schoology
!
1. Without trying, the talented volleyball player showed her 27-inch vertical!
2. Whipping her beautiful tresses around, Julia exhibited her flirtatious nature.
3. I find eating is far superior to sleeping though many would argue with my biased Italian logic!
4. Never again will I try to drive all night without sleeping.
5. Between the couch cushions I found a quarter, some old burnt toast, and my favorite journaling pen.