/
MEMORY FALLIBLITY OF MEMORY MEMORY FALLIBLITY OF MEMORY

MEMORY FALLIBLITY OF MEMORY - PowerPoint Presentation

min-jolicoeur
min-jolicoeur . @min-jolicoeur
Follow
362 views
Uploaded On 2018-03-17

MEMORY FALLIBLITY OF MEMORY - PPT Presentation

EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY any firsthand account given by an individual of an event they have seen best known for its use by police to acquire details about a crime and even to identify a perpetrator ID: 654405

information memory source questions memory information questions source car event leading loftus experiment eye memories answer fast cars results

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "MEMORY FALLIBLITY OF MEMORY" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

MEMORY

FALLIBLITY OF MEMORYSlide2

EYE-WITNESS TESTIMONY

any

firsthand

account given by an

individual

of an event they have seen.

best

known for its use by

police

to acquire

details

about a

crime

and even to identify a perpetrator.

often

in

court

and

juries tend to view it as a reliable source of information. Slide3

INACCURATE BECAUSE…

eye-witnesses

reconstruct

their memories and their reconstructed memories can be

manipulated

by leading questions that contain

misleading

information. Slide4

LEADING QUESTIONS

has content or is phrased in such a way as to

suggest

what answer is desired or to lead to the desired answer. Slide5

‘How fast was the car going when it ran the stop sign?’

C

ontains

a

presupposition

— information that should or must be true in order for the question to make sense. Slide6

LOFTUS AND PALMER 1974

investigated the influence of

question wording

on memory reconstruction, particularly how information supplied

after

an event can

distort

a witness’s memory for that event. Slide7

FIRST EXPERIMENT

45 volunteers (students)

Shown 7 short videos of car accidents

Ranged from 5 to 30 seconds

Participants =

eye-witness

Asked to write a description of the accident and answer questions (including leading questions)

Had to estimate the speed of the cars involved in each collisionSlide8

5 CONDITIONS

HOW FAST WERE THE CARS GOING WHEN THEY…Slide9
Slide10
Slide11

CONCLUSION

results could be due to participants’ memories being

distorted

by the verbal

label

used to describe the intensity of the car crash.

also

recognised

that the results could have been influenced by an uncontrolled extraneous variable called

response bias

.Slide12

SECOND EXPERIMENT

150 students

1 of 3 conditions

1 minute video - 4 second multiple car crashSlide13

SECOND EXPERIMENTSlide14
Slide15

LOFTUS AND PALMER

Formed a memory based on video

Integrated false information (smashed/hit)

Included presupposition

One week later

Information had been integrated to form a new distorted memory

Source confusion

Unable to

tell the key info from the new sourcesSlide16

SOURCE CONFUSION

arises

when the

true

source of

the memory is

forgotten

or when a memory is attributed to the wrong source.

In

Loftus’s studies, ‘

misinformation

’ provided in leading questions

after

the event become confused with the details of the original memory. Slide17
Slide18
Slide19

TED – Elizabeth Loftus

https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PB2OegI6wvISlide20
Slide21