Gas Compressor Noise in PA State Forests Marcellus Shale Formation Becky Lorig MGIS Candidate Dr Julian Avery Advisor Source Elk State Forest Wikipedia Overview Background ID: 718399
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Slide1
Noise Mapping:
Modeling Chronic Gas Compressor Noise in PA State Forests, Marcellus Shale Formation
Becky Lorig – MGIS CandidateDr. Julian Avery – Advisor
Source: Elk State Forest WikipediaSlide2
Overview
BackgroundNoise impactsPA gas developmentGas compressor stationsGoals and ObjectivesMethods
Anticipated ResultsProject TimelineAcknowledgements References
Source: Wave Engineering
Source: PA IndependentSlide3
Anthropogenic Noise
↑ Human-generated noise83% land area within 1 km of roads (yellow - blue in map)Remote area encroachment
Sources: USGS 2005, Barber et al. 2011Slide4
Impacts of Noise on Wildlife
↑ stress response↑ avoidance↓ reproduction ∆ predator-prey dynamics↓ communication∆ community structureCumulative effects
Source: Internet Bird Collection
Source: AudubonSlide5
Human Recreation
Ensure wilderness experienceRecreational Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)Noise impacts not fully consideredSource: Human Dimensions Research
Source: PASDASlide6
Shale Gas Extraction
Source:
Kargbo et al. 2010. Slide7
Marcellus Shale ExtentSlide8
PA Gas Extraction
9,825 active wellsFewer wells on PA state forest landsMore development anticipatedSlide9
PA Gas Extraction – State Forests
3 leases139,000 acres9% of 1.5 mil Forest acres623 active wells on State forestSlide10
Study Area
Largest contiguous forest in Eastern USInterior forest species9 compressor stations (CS)3
CS pending100-200 CS anticipatedSlide11
Compressor Stations
cooling-fan noise
engine-exhaust noise
A/C noise
electric generator noise
CS289
gas-pressure regulator noise
compressor and engine noise
Source: Tom
GabrielsonSlide12
Acoustic Power & Frequency
5 minutes at 4AM on 2 Aug
150 m
230 m
320 m
100 m
distance from CS
air conditioner
engine exhaust (main tone)
Source: Tom
Gabrielson
Compressors and cooling fansSlide13
Noise Management
Bureau of Forestry noise monitoringExpect MANY more compressorsAdditional insight into noise distributionSlide14
Goals and Objectives
Goal: Create acoustic propagation models of gas-compressor station noise distribution across PA’s State forest land to better understand impacts to birds and human recreationObjectives:
Construct and calibrate sound modelsEvaluate potential impacts to human recreation and forest-interior birdsEvaluate future compressor station siting options to minimize noise impactsSlide15
MethodologySlide16
Methods: Models
SPreAD-GIS modeling toolSystem for the Prediction of Acoustic DetectabilityPython scripts, ArcGIS toolbox add-in
Python ScriptsSlide17
Methods: Model Inputs
Different weighting schemes for human and birds6 additional modifiersSource: BackyardNature.org
Source: birdingisfun.comSlide18
Methods: Model Inputs
Distance Atmospheric absorptionVegetationWind directionTopographyAmbient
background noiseSlide19
Methods: Model Example
Source: Reed et al. 2012Slide20
Methods: Evaluation
Total area affectedArea within each dB range Major and minor axis distances Distance
for each dB rangeSource: Reed et al. 2012
Source: Reed
et al.
2012Slide21
Methods: Evaluation
Source: Reed et al. 2012
Total
area affected
Area
within each
dB
range
Major
and minor axis distances
Distance
for each
dB range
Source: Reed
et al.
2012Slide22
Anticipated Results
Distance to be similar among CS sitesAffected area to differ among sites (unique site characteristics)Noise travels farther than previously thought (esp. low frequency sound)ROS will require modificationIncreased habitat fragmentation for birdsSlide23
Project TimelineSlide24
Acknowledgements
Dr. Julian Avery Advisor, PSU Dept. Ecosystem Sci. & Mgmt
.Dr. Tom Gabrielson
PSU Acoustics Professor
Source: Reed et al.
2012Slide25
Source: PA Forest Coalition
Questions?Slide26
References
Source: Reed et al. 2012Barber JR, Crooks C,
Fristrup K (2010) The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms. Trends Ecol Evol 25:180–189
Barber, J. R., Burdett, C. L., Reed, S. E., Warner, K. A., Formichella, C., Crooks, K. R., Theobald, D.M., &
Fristrup, K. M. (2011). Anthropogenic noise exposure in protected natural areas: estimating the scale of ecological consequences. Landscape ecology, 26(9), 1281-1295.
Bayne EM, Habib L,
Boutin
S (2008) Impacts of chronic anthropogenic noise from energy-sector activity on abundance of songbirds in the boreal forest.
Conserv
Biol22:1186–1193
Benı
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tez
-Lo ́
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A,
Alkemade
R,
Verweij
PA (2010) The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: a meta-analysis.
Biol
Conserv
143:1307–1316
Bunkley
, J., C. McClure, N. Kleist, C. Francis, and J. Barber. 2015. Anthropogenic noise alters bat activity levels and echolocation calls. Global Ecology and Conservation 3(15):62-71.
DCNR (Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources). 2007. Forest Wildlife Trends.
http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML0707/ML070730105.pdf
DCNR.
2013. Shale Gas Development and State Forests. January 2013. Accessed on November 29, 2015, from:
http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_017270.pdf
DCNR.
2014. Shale-Gas Monitoring Report. April 2014. Accessed on November 29, 2015, from:
http://dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20029147.pdf
DCNR
.
2015. News Release: DCNR Releases Update to Shale Gas Monitoring Report. July 23, 2015. Accessed on November 29, 2015, from:
http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/news/DCNR_20030948.pdf
Doherty KE,
Naugle
DE, Walker BL, Graham JM (2008) Greater sage-grouse winter habitat selection and energy development. J
Wildl
Manag
72:187–195
EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Study of the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources, Progress Report. EPA/601/R-12/011. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. Washington, DC. December 2012.
Francis CD, Ortega CP, Cruz A (2009) Noise pollution changes avian communities and species interactions.
Curr
Biol
19:1415–1419
Francis CD,
Paritsis
J, Ortega CP, Cruz A (2011) Landscape patterns of avian habitat use and nest success are affected by chronic gas well compressor noise. Landscape
Ecol
(published online 3 May 2011)
Gabrielson
, T. 2014. Acoustic Noise from Natural-Gas Compressor Stations on State Forest Land: Pilot Study. Penn State University for PA DCNR Forestry Resources. December 2014. 61 pp.
Goodwin SE, Shriver G (2011) Effects of traffic noise on occupancy patterns of forest birds.
Conserv
Biol
25:406–411
Habib L, Bayne EM,
Boutin
S (2007) Chronic industrial noise affects pairing success and age structure of ovenbirds
Seiurus
aurocapilla
. J
Appl
Ecol
44:176–184
Halfwerk
W,
Holleman
LJM,
Lesselis
CM,
Slabbekoorn
H (2011) Negative impact of traffic noise on avian reproductive success. J
Appl
Ecol
48:210–219
Kargbo
D., R. Wilhelm, and D. Campbell. 2010. Natural gas plays in the Marcellus Shale; challenges and potential opportunities. Environ Science and Technology 44:5679–5684.
Landon DM,
Krauseman
PR,
Koenen
KKG, Harris LK (2003) Pronghorn use of areas with varying sound pressure levels. Southwest Nat 48:725–728
Leventhall
H G. 2004. Low frequency noise and annoyance. Noise Health 2004;6:59-72.
Lynch, E., D. Joyce, and K.
Fristrup
. 2011. An assessment of noise audibility and sound levels in U.S. National Parks. Landscape Ecology 26:1297-1309.
PA DEP (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection) Oil and Gas Reporting Website. Accessed November 24, 2015, from:
https://www.paoilandgasreporting.state.pa.us/publicreports/Modules/Welcome/Agreement.aspx
PASDA (Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access). 2015. ArcGIS Tutorial – Glossary. Accessed December 4, 2015, from:
http://www.pasda.psu.edu/tutorials/arcgis/projection.asp
.
Reed, S.E., J.L. Boggs, and J.P. Mann. 2010.
SPreAD
-GIS: an ArcGIS toolbox for modeling the propagation of engine noise in a wildland setting. Version 2.0. The Wilderness Society, San Francisco, CA.
Reed, S.E., J.L. Boggs, and J.P. Mann. 2012. A GIS tool for modeling anthropogenic noise propagation in natural ecosystems. Environmental Modelling and Software 37:1-5.
Sawyer H, Nielson RM,
Lindzey
F, McDonald LL (2006) Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field. J
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70:396–403
Slabbekoorn
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Peet
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Thomas, E., M.
Brittingham
, and S.
Stoleson
. 2014. Conventional oil and gas development alters forest songbird communities. The Journal of Wildlife Management 78(2):293-306. Slide27
Octave Levels
most of the raw radiated power is at low frequency
5 minutes at 4AM on 2 August
320 m
230 m
150 m
100 m