Nutritional Status of Inpatient Drug Addicts and The Impact - PowerPoint Presentation

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Nutritional Status of Inpatient Drug Addicts and The Impact of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Intervention on Recovery

Dr.

Nahlaa

A.

Khalifa

Clinical Nutrition Department

Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences

King

Abdulaziz

UniversitySlide2

Content

Aim

Methodology

Studies

1

2

3

4

Conclusion &

Recommendation

Dr.Nahlaa

Khalifa

2Slide3

Aim of the Study

3

O

verview the literature about the nutritional status of drug addicts and the effect of

(MNT)

intervention and nutrition education on addiction recovery. To emphasise the role of the diet and dietitian

as a powerful supporter and team member in the process of addiction recovery.Dr.Nahlaa Khalifa Slide4

Search Strategy (keywords and Phrases)

- The

keywords used in searching were

Addiction, Nutrition, Therapy, Recovery, Detoxification, Intervention,

dietitian

.

Selecting the Articles and Review

- Articles (reviews, population, and intervention

of nutrition on addiction).

4. Evaluating the Evidence: - Comprehensive review of each article by others to prevent errors and omission.41423Searching for the LiteratureSearching library databaseSummary of conceptual and empirically published literature on drug addiction and nutrition intervention. Methodology Dr.Nahlaa Khalifa Slide5

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Macronutrients

Micronutrients

Nutrients

Saturated

Fat Unsaturated Fat

Complete &Incomplete ProteinsDr.Nahlaa Khalifa Slide6

"

Nutritional

diagnostic, therapy,

and counseling services for the purpose of disease management done by a registered dietitian.MNT is a specific application of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) in clinical settings that is focused on the management of diseases.

Medical

Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Dr.Nahlaa Khalifa Slide7

Drug Addiction

7

A

complex lifestyle

disorder which become

a social, economical worldwide and community health problem and concern to all human societies.1

Constructive young adults are falling into drug experimentation which becomes a trend between adolescents who become less productive.2

Chronic illness described by drug demanding and obsessive or hard to control use, in spit of unsafe consequences.3 Dr.Nahlaa

Khalifa Slide8

O

ccurs

with recovering alcohol and drug

addicts.4 Occur with processed carbohydrates and highly refined sugar food involving alcohol.5

Hypoglycemia

Bad eating habits and great level of refined sugar make a burden on the adrenal by work hardly to cope with the changes of blood glucose quantities

and result in adrenal fatigue.Adrenal Fatigue (Hypoadrenia)

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Addiction Diet-Related Complications Slide9

Alcohols

ethanol

was found to be the highest common allergens.

Alcohol drinkers shows allergy to primary alcohol ingredients like sugars, grains and grapes, from which alcohol is made.6

Sensitivities and Allergies

Indigestion, poor appetite, fasting and skipping meals , diarrhea and constipation. Affect the soft inner lining of intestines

(Absorption)Effect of satiety of the high calories and very low or no nutrient content will lead to unhealthy weight.

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Digestive Disturbance9Addiction Diet-Related Complications Dr.Nahlaa

Khalifa Slide10

Addiction Common Nutritional Deficiencies

(Macronutrients )

U

sually addicts

consume too many

simple

carbohydrates

,

and less

complex

carbohydrates

which result in severe malnourishment as well digestion problems ,adrenal fatigue and hypoglycaemia.810 Deficiency in Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids. Less raw materials for building the prostaglandins, which are important for addict recovery.Adding FF to the addiction recovery program significantly speed recovery.10Drugs and alcohol affect liver and small intestine resulting in problems with amino acids processing and absorption.

The body stress and chemical imbalance, increase the protein/amino acids requirements more than norm.9Carbohydrate DeficiencyProtein Deficiencies Fat Deficiencies Slide11

O

ver

consumption of caffeine, sugar, alcohol, drugs and

unbalanced meals decreased

zinc

stores.

Zinc

aiding a healthy immune system, assisting brain, liver function

and helps in food digestion.

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11Substances used and bad eating behavior can injure the liver and affect the iron absorption and cause anemia. Consuming diet with several added helpful nutrients such as Omega-3 fatty acids and high complete protein help in appropriate digestion of iron.13 Insufficient intake, poor diet and increase

excretion in addicts lead to deficiencies of Ca and Mg levels Low Ca and Mg levels are the main etiology for pain and muscular/nervous system problems that addicts face through the recovery and withdrawal stages.12ZincCalcium and MagnesiumIronAddiction Common Nutritional DeficienciesMicronutrients (Minerals & Vitamins)Slide12

L

arge

consumption of sugar, salt, use of alcohol, caffeine and bad dietary behavior resulting in

potassium

deficiency.

14

12

Strong antioxidant

with essential

effect on function of the

brain.Essential role in rebuilds the immune system, liver function and helps in adrenal fatigue recovering and helping the change of the tryptophan amino acid to serotonin.16 Deficiency of Niacin & thiamin result in various psychological symptoms.Niacin is important for tryptophan to be converted to serotonin

that controls emotions and mood. Pantothenic acid is a vitamin that aids to reduce stress.15Potassium Vitamins B Vitamin CAddiction Common Nutritional DeficienciesMicronutrients (Minerals & Vitamins)Slide13

N

utrition counseling and education is consider as one of the most important factors in Addiction treatment and recovery programs which

improve the outcomes

of the treatment.17

O

piate

addicts shown unhealthy eating behaviors due to lack of nutritional knowledge, food preparation

skills.

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Suitable

nutrition, education

and physical activity

are very effective for substance abusers to their withdrawal from opiate

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Nutritional Education and Counseling in Addiction Dr.Nahlaa Khalifa Slide14

Carbohydrate

Health Problems

(

Hypoglycemia, and adrenal fatigue)

Proteins

Health Problems

(

body stress and chemical imbalance

)

Fat

Health Problems

(Building the prostaglandins) Vitamin Health Problems Sufficient Amount of Water and

Physical Activity Conclusion Mineral Health Problems Slide15

MNT is significant at all stages of addiction recovery

programs. It

must be done in parallel to their medical

treatment

Dr.Nahlaa

Khalifa

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Recommendation

.

Successful

Addiction

Management

Good Health Care

is

always a

team effort

particularly for addicts as every team member provides a special care

Employment of Dietitians at all addiction treatment setting and being a apart of addiction medical team , is very important. Nutrition education and physical activity is very important in addiction recovery programs for improving the treatment outcomes. Addiction could be Managed successfully by a professional complementary team work. Slide16

References Dr.Nahlaa Khalifa

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Finnegan LP (1998) "Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality in Substance Using Families: Effects and Intervention Strategies". NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA, USA; pp. 1–21. Johnson A & Gerstein DR (1998) "Initiation of use of alcohol, cocaine, and other substances in US birth cohorts since 1919. American Journal of Public Health 88 (1): 27–33.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: AuthorSchauss, A. (1981) "Diet, Crime and Delinquency". Parker House Berkeley, CA

Sporer K.A, Ernst A.A, Conte R, Nick T.G. (1992) "The incidence of ethanol-induced hypoglycemia." Am J Emerg Med. 10(5): 403-405.Mathews- Larson, J D. and R. A. Parker (1987) “Alcoholism Treatment with Biochemcial Restoration as a Major Component.” International Journal of Biosocial Research, Volume 9 (1): 92-106.Dimitrijević I,

Kalezić N, Ristić J, Bojović O, Dimitrijević N (2008) "Digestive system damage caused by substance abuse. " Acta chirurgica iugoslavica 55(3): 133-138.Gant, C, and G. Lewis (2002): End Your Addiction Now. (NY, NY: Warner Books, Inc.)

Santolaria-Fernandez FJ, Gomez-Sirvent JL, Gonzalez-Reimers CE, Batista-Lopez JN, Jorge-Hernandez JA, Rodriguez-Moreno F, Martinez-Riera

A, Hernandez-Garcia MT. (1995) "Nutritional assessment of drug addicts." Drug Alcoh Depend. ; 38(1): 11–18 (Finnegan, John. (1989). "Addiction: A Nutritional Approach to recovery." (Mill Valley, California: Alysian Arts.DesMaisons, Kathleen, (1998) Potatoes Not Prozac. (New York, New York: Fireside).

Viering, Daan H. H. M.; Baaij, Jeroen H. F. de; Walsh, Stephen B.; Kleta, Robert; Bockenhauer, Detlef (2016)"Genetic causes of hypomagnesemia, a clinical overview". Pediatric Nephrology

DOI 10.1007/s00467-016-3416-3.pp1-13 Rodak, B.F., Fritsma, G. A., & Doig Kathryn (2007). Hematology: clinical principles and applications(3rd ed.) Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 220. ISBN 9781416030065.

Finnegan, John and Daphne Gray (1990) "Recovery from Addiction." (Berkeley, California: Celestial Arts).Velisek, (2013). The Chemistry of Food. Wiley. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-118-38383-4Nazrul Islam SK, Jahangir Hossain K, Ahsan M. (2001). “Serum vitamin E, C and A status of the drug addicts undergoing detoxification influence of drug habit, sexual practice and lifestyle factors. ” Eur J Clin Nutr. ; 55(11): 1022–1027.Grant, L. P., Haughton, B., & Sachan, D. S. (2004). "Nutrition education is positively associated with substance abuse treatment program outcomes. " Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(4), 604-610.Cowan J, and Devine C (2008). "Food, eating, and weight concerns of men in recovery from substance addiction. " Appetite, 50(1) 33–42.Hodgkins C.C. (2003) "Adolescent Weight Gain during Supervised Substance Abuse Treatment: An Examination of Two Interventions Selected as Possible Solutions to the Problem" [PhD thesis]. University of Florida, Gainesville.Slide17

Thank

Y

ou

?

?

?

Dr.Nahlaa Khalifa 17