Echinodermata. (Echinoderms). General characteristics. Invertebrates. Marine environments. not . cephalized. , no head. Deuterostromes. (. blastopore. forms an anus). Coelmates. embryos have radial cleavage. ID: 213930
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Presentations text content in Phylum
Slide1
Phylum Echinodermata
(Echinoderms)
Slide2
General characteristics
Invertebrates
Marine environments
not
cephalized
, no head
Deuterostromes
(
blastopore
forms an anus)
Coelmates
embryos have radial cleavage
Slide3
4 major unique characteristics
1-
radial symmetry
Often
pentaradial
symmetry, body parts extend from the center along five spokes
2- endoskeleton made of
ossicles
- calcium carbonate plates
may be attached to spine
Or
spicules
that protrude through skin, forms echinoderm- “spiny skin”
3-
water-vascular system
Network of water-filled canals
4-
Tube feet
Small, movable extensions of the water vascular system
Used for movement, feeding, respiration, and excretion
Slide4
Evolution
Fossil record dates back to more than 500 million years (the Cambrian period)
Early echinoderms were sessile
Only 80 species still sessile
Now some can crawl slowly along ocean bottom
The bilaterally symmetrical larvae resemble it’s ancestors
Most closely related to chordates
Slide5
Class Crinoidea
means “lily-like”Five arms branch to form many more armsMucus covered tube feet filter organisms from the waterCilia then transport the organisms to the mouthSea lilies -Sessile adultsUses a long stalk to attach to rocks or the sea bottomFeather starsCan swim and crawl as adultsMost species are extinct
Feather star – Florometra serratissima
Slide6
Class Ophiuroidea
Means “snake-tail”Long, narrow arms allow them to move quicker than other echinodermsTube feet not used for movementBasket stars have thin, flexible limbs form coils that look like tentaclesParts of brittle stars break off easilyCan regenerate
green brittle star – Ophiarachna incrassata
Basket star –
Gorgonocephalus eucnemis
Slide7
Class Echinoidea
Means “spinelike”Sea urchins and sand dollarsTest- rigid exoskeleton, encloses internal organsSea urchins have an Aristotle's mantle-complex jaw like mechanism, aids in movementSpines can contain poison
Purple Sea Urchin – Heliocidaris erythrogramma
Sand Dollar –
Echinarachnius exentricus
Slide8
Class Holothuroidea
Means “water polyp”Sea cucumbersArmlessLive on sea bottom, use tube feet to burrowOssicles are very small and not connected, which means their body is soft
California sea cucumber - Parastichopus californicus
Slide9
Class Asteroidea
StarfishCarnivorous (mollusks, worms, other slow moving animals)Can slowly pull clam apartuse a cardiac stomach to begin digestion withdraws the stomach finishes digestion
Red-knobbed sea
star-
Protoreaster
linckii
Slide10
Sea Star digestion
Mouth
Cardiac stomach- short esophagus
Pyloric stomach
Digestive glands (in each arm)
secrete enzymes that break down food
Nutrients go to the
coelem
Undigested material expelled through anus
Slide11
Sea Star external structure
The
aboral
surface (top half) is covered in short spines
rough texture
Pedicellariae
- tiny pincers that surround the short stems
keep the body free of foreign objects, ex. Algae or other small animals
Slide12
Sea Star Body Systems
--No circulatory system
No excretory system
No respiratory system
Fluid in the
coelem
distributes nutrients and oxygen
Diffusion through skin gills on tube feet (respiratory gases and waste)
Skin gills- hollow tubes, stretch from
coelem
to exterior
Slide13
Nervous system
No head= no brain
Nerve ring instead (circles the mouth)
Radial nerve runs from the nerve ring along each arm
Together coordinate tube feet movement
Nerve net near body surface controls movement of spines,
pedicallariae
, and skin gills
Eyespot at the end of each arm responds to light
Several tentacles and
tube feet respond
to touch
Touch-sensitive and chemical-sensitive cells are scattered all over the surface of the sea stars body
Slide14
Reproduction and development
Most have separate sexes
Each arm contains a pair of ovaries and testes
External fertilization,
Larvae develops bilaterally symmetrical, called
bipinnaria
Some retain their larvae in their body or among their tentacles
Can regenerate arms, but it takes about a year
Can shed an arm to escape a predator
If an arm is attached to a portion of the central region, a whole new organism can develop
Some species reproduce asexually
By splitting it’s body through the central region
Slide15
Sea StarWater-Vascular System
Water enters through the sieve-like madreporite on the aboral surfacePasses through stone canalThen the ring canalThen the Radial canalsContraction of muscles surrounding ampulla cause the tube feet to expand and contractEnds of tube feet act as suction cupsAllows the sea star to move
Slide16
Works Cited
Charton
, Barbara. "sea star."
The Facts On File Dictionary of Marine Science
, New Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.
Science Online
. Facts On File,
Inc.http
://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= DMSN1384&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 9, 2009).
"Echinoderms: Features."
Animal Anatomy On File, New Edition.
Copyright Diagram Visual Information Ltd., 2003.
Science Online
. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= A0439&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 9, 2009).
Edward J.
Devillez
, "Digestion (invertebrate)", in
AccessScience@McGraw
-Hill, http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.194500
David L.
Pawson
, Andrew C. Campbell, David L.
Pawson
, David L.
Pawson
, Raymond C. Moore, J. John
Sepkoski
, Jr., "
Echinodermata
", in
AccessScience@McGraw
-Hill, http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.210700
Download this presentation
DownloadNote - The PPT/PDF document "Phylum" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Presentations text content in Phylum
Phylum Echinodermata
(Echinoderms)
Slide2General characteristics
Invertebrates
Marine environments
not
cephalized
, no head
Deuterostromes
(
blastopore
forms an anus)
Coelmates
embryos have radial cleavage
Slide34 major unique characteristics
1-
radial symmetry
Often
pentaradial
symmetry, body parts extend from the center along five spokes
2- endoskeleton made of
ossicles
- calcium carbonate plates
may be attached to spine
Or
spicules
that protrude through skin, forms echinoderm- “spiny skin”
3-
water-vascular system
Network of water-filled canals
4-
Tube feet
Small, movable extensions of the water vascular system
Used for movement, feeding, respiration, and excretion
Slide4Evolution
Fossil record dates back to more than 500 million years (the Cambrian period)
Early echinoderms were sessile
Only 80 species still sessile
Now some can crawl slowly along ocean bottom
The bilaterally symmetrical larvae resemble it’s ancestors
Most closely related to chordates
Slide5Class Crinoidea
means “lily-like”Five arms branch to form many more armsMucus covered tube feet filter organisms from the waterCilia then transport the organisms to the mouthSea lilies -Sessile adultsUses a long stalk to attach to rocks or the sea bottomFeather starsCan swim and crawl as adultsMost species are extinct
Feather star – Florometra serratissima
Slide6Class Ophiuroidea
Means “snake-tail”Long, narrow arms allow them to move quicker than other echinodermsTube feet not used for movementBasket stars have thin, flexible limbs form coils that look like tentaclesParts of brittle stars break off easilyCan regenerate
green brittle star – Ophiarachna incrassata
Basket star –
Gorgonocephalus eucnemis
Slide7Class Echinoidea
Means “spinelike”Sea urchins and sand dollarsTest- rigid exoskeleton, encloses internal organsSea urchins have an Aristotle's mantle-complex jaw like mechanism, aids in movementSpines can contain poison
Purple Sea Urchin – Heliocidaris erythrogramma
Sand Dollar –
Echinarachnius exentricus
Slide8Class Holothuroidea
Means “water polyp”Sea cucumbersArmlessLive on sea bottom, use tube feet to burrowOssicles are very small and not connected, which means their body is soft
California sea cucumber - Parastichopus californicus
Slide9Class Asteroidea
StarfishCarnivorous (mollusks, worms, other slow moving animals)Can slowly pull clam apartuse a cardiac stomach to begin digestion withdraws the stomach finishes digestion
Red-knobbed sea
star-
Protoreaster
linckii
Slide10Sea Star digestion
Mouth
Cardiac stomach- short esophagus
Pyloric stomach
Digestive glands (in each arm)
secrete enzymes that break down food
Nutrients go to the
coelem
Undigested material expelled through anus
Slide11Sea Star external structure
The
aboral
surface (top half) is covered in short spines
rough texture
Pedicellariae
- tiny pincers that surround the short stems
keep the body free of foreign objects, ex. Algae or other small animals
Slide12Sea Star Body Systems
--No circulatory system
No excretory system
No respiratory system
Fluid in the
coelem
distributes nutrients and oxygen
Diffusion through skin gills on tube feet (respiratory gases and waste)
Skin gills- hollow tubes, stretch from
coelem
to exterior
Slide13Nervous system
No head= no brain
Nerve ring instead (circles the mouth)
Radial nerve runs from the nerve ring along each arm
Together coordinate tube feet movement
Nerve net near body surface controls movement of spines,
pedicallariae
, and skin gills
Eyespot at the end of each arm responds to light
Several tentacles and
tube feet respond
to touch
Touch-sensitive and chemical-sensitive cells are scattered all over the surface of the sea stars body
Slide14Reproduction and development
Most have separate sexes
Each arm contains a pair of ovaries and testes
External fertilization,
Larvae develops bilaterally symmetrical, called
bipinnaria
Some retain their larvae in their body or among their tentacles
Can regenerate arms, but it takes about a year
Can shed an arm to escape a predator
If an arm is attached to a portion of the central region, a whole new organism can develop
Some species reproduce asexually
By splitting it’s body through the central region
Slide15Sea StarWater-Vascular System
Water enters through the sieve-like madreporite on the aboral surfacePasses through stone canalThen the ring canalThen the Radial canalsContraction of muscles surrounding ampulla cause the tube feet to expand and contractEnds of tube feet act as suction cupsAllows the sea star to move
Slide16Works Cited
Charton
, Barbara. "sea star."
The Facts On File Dictionary of Marine Science
, New Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.
Science Online
. Facts On File,
Inc.http
://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= DMSN1384&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 9, 2009).
"Echinoderms: Features."
Animal Anatomy On File, New Edition.
Copyright Diagram Visual Information Ltd., 2003.
Science Online
. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= A0439&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 9, 2009).
Edward J.
Devillez
, "Digestion (invertebrate)", in
AccessScience@McGraw
-Hill, http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.194500
David L.
Pawson
, Andrew C. Campbell, David L.
Pawson
, David L.
Pawson
, Raymond C. Moore, J. John
Sepkoski
, Jr., "
Echinodermata
", in
AccessScience@McGraw
-Hill, http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.210700