By DR TH CHOWDARY Director Center for Telecom Management amp Studies Chairman Pragna Bharati Intellect India Andhra Pradesh Fellow Tata Consultancy Service Ltd Former ID: 386176
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Reminiscences on Radio Communication
By
DR T.H. CHOWDARY
*
Director,
Center for Telecom Management & Studies
Chairman,
Pragna
Bharati
(Intellect India), Andhra Pradesh
Fellow: Tata Consultancy Service Ltd.
* Former
Information Technology Adviser
, Government of A.P
Chairman & Managing Director
Videsh
Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Bombay
T: +91 (40) 6667-1191(O) 2784-3121®
F: +91 (40) 6667-1111 (O)
Hanuman.chowdary@tcs.com
Talk@
Broadcasting Engineering Society, Hyderabad
15 Dec 2013Slide2
Independent India’s
First Minister For Broadcasting
Today Dec 15 is the 63
rd Vardhanti of Sardar Patel Independent India’s First Minister for Information & Broadcasting It would be most appropriate to dedicate our Annual Conventions to the Sardar’s Memory who unified and integrated Bharat as no emperor has ever doneHe was liberator of Hyderabad, integrator of India – a feat neither Ashoka nor Samudra Gupta nor Akbar nor the Queens & Kings of Great Briton (nor Bismark) could do.
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Strong Man…Veto
“
The
Sardar (Patel) was the strong man among the Indian leaders . Any discussion which failed to recognise the fact were likely to be unfruitful. He was essentially practical man with whom business could be done but if he was left out, he was in opposition to invoke a veto just as crippling as anything known to UNO – G.S.Bozman British Secretary, Information & Broadcasting Ministry(Source: Sardar Vallabhai Patel by B.Krishna; page 289)3S705_Dec2013Slide4
Patel: blunt to Mountbatten, G.G
“ We will deal with that question (Princes); leave it to us. You take no sides. Let
paramountcy
be dead – May 1947 “ You won’t govern yourself and you won’t let us govern” - Sept 19474S705_Dec2013Slide5
They said these are of no value (1)
I think there is a world market for, may be five computers”, said Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM in 1943.
5
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They said these are of no value (2)
“There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home” said Ken Olson, Chairman & Founder of Digital Computer Corporation in 1971
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They said these are of no value (3)
“The telephone has too many short comings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us”. Read an internal Memo of the Western Union of the USA in 1876.
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They said these are of no value (4)
“The wireless music box ( Radio) has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular (
i.e
radio broadcast-THC) said David Sarnoff (the future Chairman of the famed Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in response to a wireless company urging him for investment in Radio manufacturing in 1920. 8S705_Dec2013Slide9
They said these are of no value (5)
The same misanthropic view was expressed in regard to wireless communication. An Editorial in the prestigious journal, “
The Electrician
” stated in the year 1903 that, “ wireless over very long distances appears to us impossible. That the ether waves inherently tend to follow the curvature of the earth as suggested by some writers is an absurdity . 9S705_Dec2013Slide10
They said these are of no value (6)
This last one was in the context of various scientists offering their views for publication in Electrician, the most authoritative journal of the time.
10S705_Dec2013Slide11
They said these are of no value (7)
But all these very wise men proved to be absolutely fallible about which they expressed so much pessimism. All the devices attracted mass consumption
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Wireless Communications
1
st
demonstrated by Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose in Calcutta in 1895But patented by Guglielmo MarconiMarconi Wireless telegraph Messages from Cornwall in England to Newfoundland, Canada12S705_Dec2013Slide13
Wireless Propagation
Ionosphere – Oliver
Heavyside
A Telegraph operator in New Castle till 1874 Theoretical & mathematical work Appleton - Discovery of a reflecting layer at a height of 90 Km & Effect of earth’s magnetic fieldDiurnal & seasonal variationsSun-spot cycles – Magnetic stormsShort waves – Different Frequencies differently refractedAerials – Arrays – BeamsRadio Colony DelhiReceiving Station in Todapur, DelhiMonitoring : Simla13S705_Dec2013Slide14
f1
f2
f3
Ɵ1
Ɵ2
Middle East
Europe
c
Ɵ3
Journey thro’ Ionosphere or Heaviside/Appleton Layers
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Limited Spectrum for Mobile Broadband
Best mobile broadband (300 MHz-3.5 GHz)
Bounces from the sky
Bounces inside rooms
Penetrates buildings and terrain
Reflects from buildings
Follows Earth’s curvature
Travels in a straight line
Fades in the rain
1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10GHz
75 meters 7.5 meters 0.75 meters 7.5 cm 75mm
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Radio Spectrum- Bands & Frequency
Band
Frequency in GHZ
Band
Frequency in GHZ
L
1-2
U
40-60
S
2-4
V
50-75
C
4-8
E
60-90
X
8-12
W
75-110
Ku
12-18
E
90-140
Ka
26.5-40
D
110-170
Q
30-50
Infra Red – Light - Ultra Violet
Below 1 GHZ : LW, MW, SW, VHF, UHF, SHF
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*
Spectrum divided into Bands. Different bands allocated for different services –ITU *Assignments by National Licensors/ RegulatorsSlide17
Spectrum Requirements
2G
3G
BWA
10MHZ
60MHZ
500MHZ
900 & 1800MHZ
bands
2,100 MHZ band
2,300MHZ band
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Broadcasting
Sound & Pictures – 1910s & 1920s
War of the worlds by H G Wells
Private in India from MumbaiGovernment takes overRelays- Transmission Media: Coaxial Terrestrial MWUSA Coast to Coast : 191518S705_Dec2013Slide19
Communication Satellites
Early Bird – 1965
Telstar: AT&T
geo=-synchronous orbit 36,500 Km above the equator100s of satellites – space debrisWorldwide coverageDBS- TV & Radio 19S705_Dec2013Slide20
Marconi’s Clout-
Private State
Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co
(Later Cable & Wireless) out of BPO’s reachScientist/Engineers vain tirade against BPO’s monopoly J A Fleming – 1901 Essay on detrimental effect of State Monopoly in electrical communication Domestic B’casts- monopoly but VOA, BBC, Radio Moscow, Radio Sri Lanka, PRCJammingRadio Liberty/ Free EuropeGorbachev’s Glassnost- Collapse of USSR20S705_Dec2013Slide21
Radio Frequency: Scarce Resource
Myth of scarcity
Government’s greed & scams & misapplication of spectrum revenues
Efficient use of spectrum- different technologiesIntelligent Radio Same all road width used by different brands of cars Why not all Telcos use all the full bandwidth?21S705_Dec2013Slide22
Liberalisation of Broadcasting
Private in 1920’s in Bombay
Acquisition by Government
Sardar Patel: Expansions-NDA- Satellite channels for private cosF.M spectrum auctions by I&B839 FM Channels in @ 400 KHZ spacing in 294 cities (>100K Pop) Rs.1532 cr licence feeSenseless: No news on F.M channels while allowed on TV channels24 hours –Trash idiotize viewersInterent Radio & TV Stationary & MobileDevices – Transistor, Radios, TV Sets, PCs, Cell-phones, Smart-phones22
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Sensible use
Restrict to (12 to 16) hrs/day
TV Channels & Radio (AIR & F.M) to be used for election – No rallies & meetings
Internet votingICT-based marriagesObligate to carry national programs on literature, culture, music, dance, history, science, projects23S705_Dec2013Slide24
Dhanyawad:
Thank You
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