Lecture 2 HowItWorks 3D Graphics SOPA amp PIPA dead for now Tension still exists reason bills were introduced still relevant piracy of copyrighted content but most agree bill overreached ID: 357934
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The Beauty and Joy of Computing" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
The Beauty and Joy of Computing
Lecture #2HowItWorks : 3D Graphics
SOPA & PIPA dead (for now)
Tension still exists – reason bills were introduced still relevant (piracy of copyrighted content) but most agree bill over-reached. Stay tuned!
UC Berkeley EECSSr Lecturer SOEDan Garcia
www.nytimes.com/2012/01/21/technology/senate-postpones-piracy-vote.html
SOPA
PIPASlide2
Computer Graphics one of the sub-fields of research in Computer ScienceUC Berkeley’s Graphics group is ranked in the top 10I graduated from this group in 20002D Graphics often called “graphic design”; very different3D Computer Graphics, 10 Miles Up
“The Last Guardian” by Johnny Yip (POV-Ray)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphicsSlide3
Film, Television, PrintEither pure CG (e.g., Pixar) or CG elements added to film plates hours / frameVideo GamesBoth “in-engine” graphics + pre-rendered cinematics
30 frames / second3D Graphics Used In…“Avatar” (wikipedia)
“Gran Turismo” (us.gran-turismo.com)Slide4
…although that line is often blurred
events.game-artist.net/scene_from_a_movie/Slide5
Aside: Scenes from a Movie winner
“Blade Runner” by The Replicantsevents.game-artist.net/scene_from_a_movie/winners.phpSlide6
3D Graphics : How it’s done (simplified)
web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb/intro2009/
“Shutterbug Rendering Progression” by Pixar
“Shutterbug Rendering Progression” by Pixar“Squash & Stretch” by idleworm.com
“Procedural Wood”
by PixarSlide7
Could come from3D ScannersInteractive modelingModel librariesProcedural techniquesThis also involvesAttaching animation variables to model, allowing animator to control a very complex model w/a few controlsRepresentation: Lots of options, math
Modeling“Menger Cube” by UCB Alum David Wallace (now at LucasFilm)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOOynE1F4P4
www.cyberware.comSlide8
Could come fromInteractive keyframingProcedural motionMotion captureThis has put some animators out of a jobUsed in Avatar, LotR, …PhysicsEvolution, Rule systemsEmotions conveyed!
Humans are very good at reading bad motionAnimationweb.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb
/intro2009/en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Motion_capturewww.youtube.com
/watch?v=1wK1Ixr-UmMImage by Hipocrite (wikipedia)Slide9
Brian Mirtich, 1996 UCB Ph.D.
Thesis: “Impulse -based Dynamic Simulation of Rigid Body Systems”Very cool work!“Creature War” demoHis purpose: show off his simulatorGreat example of rule-drive motion!Creature War … Animation automatic!
www.kuffner.org/james/software/dynamics/mirtich/
Creature
“rules”Slide10
Karl Sims blew away his colleagues with his 1994 seminal work on evolved creatures
Genetic Algorithmsweb.genarts.com/karl/
evolved virtual creatures
Photo by Hank MorganSlide11
Just like in a movie…Artist sets up lights in the shot for moodTeams of artists apply hand-drawn and procedural textures, called “shaders”There are layers of themThe virtual 3D camera (and its movement) setBut “render!” instead of “action!”…
Lighting and Shading (and Camera…)hof.povray.org/2b.html“Harvest Time” by Gilles Tran (POV-RAY)Slide12
For each frame…Take 3D geometry (and lights and surface shaders) and figure out what color each 2D pixel should beThe math is simply similar trianglesThere are lots of algorithms to do this“Expensive” = slower, but quality usu higher
3D Projection Basics (in Rendering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_projectionBx
/B
z = Ax/
AzB
x = B
z *
Ax/A
zSlide13
What’s our goal?
Find rendering algorithms that simulate what real light does in real world“Photo-realism”LimitationsThere are way too many photons to simulate all of them at once! Every technique is a different way to simulate the real worldEach has costs & benefitsDirect vs Global IlluminationRendering : Global Illumination“The Lovers” by Gilles Tran. (POV-Ray)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_illuminationSlide14
Cornell Box
RenderingPhotograph
“The Cornell Box experiments have come to symbolize our approach to physically based rendering. The Cornell box is a simple physical environment for which we have measured the lighting, geometry, and material reflectance properties. Synthetic images of this environment are then created, and compared to images captured with a calibrated CCD camera. In this way, we can confirm the accuracy of our simulations.”
www.graphics.cornell.edu/online/box/compare.htmlSlide15
Direct Illumination Image
Image courtesy Henrik Jensen @ UCSDSlide16
Global Illumination Image
Image courtesy Henrik Jensen @ UCSDSlide17
UCB Undergrad Graphics GroupNo prereqs!!!Student-led DeCalStudents make animated short filmExample : The Play3DIn 2002, made 3D recreation of famous Cal football playCS184 : Intro to Computer Graphics
How to learn more? … UCBUGG!ucbugg.comSlide18
Beauty and Joy of Computing? You bet!The field of 3D Graphics has transformed film, television & video gamesHow does it work?ModelingAnimationLighting & Shading & CameraRendering (film,games different)
It allows people to exercise right and left sides of brainOpportunities @ Cal!Summarykevinbeason.com/smallpt/
Image by Kevin Beason