PPT-Chapter 10 Errors and Fallacies in Causal Reasoning

The Post Hoc Fallacy this is sometimes called the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy The full phrase means after this therefore because of this And it is a causal inference fallacy 304. Ad Hominem, Appeal to Emotions, False Dilemma, Appeal to the People, Scare Tactic, False Cause, Hasty Generalization, Red Herring, and Traditional Wisdom. What is a Fallacy?. According to Webster’s Dictionary, a fallacy is an error in reasoning or a flawed argument.. Informal Fallacy Guide. Evaluating Arguments. The primary task of critical thinking is to identify arguments and to evaluate them.. There are two basic ways of evaluating arguments.. One technique is to evaluate the logical form of an argument by abstracting on its content, and analyzing the structure of the argument in order to determine if it is valid.. Introduction and Activities. What is a logical fallacy?. A fallacy is an error of reasoning. These are flawed statements that often sound true. Logical fallacies are often used to strengthen an argument, but if the reader detects them the argument can backfire, and damage the writer’s credibility . November . 11. Composition 3.4. Study Island!. Literary Analysis and Composition 2014-2015. Composition 3.4. What . are. . our lesson . objectives?. Identify and use the steps in the writing process: prewriting, writing, and revising.. Research Assignment . Due Monday night. Worth 15 pts.. Will help you develop your speech. Exam 2 Wednesday. Review materials are up online. 30% Short answer (Group) and 70% Multiple Choice. Next Friday: Workshop for first 3 days of speakers. u. nwarranted . assumption. Begging the Question. This is . a form of circular reasoning. Question-begging premises are . distinct from their conclusions, but cannot be believed without believing the conclusion.. illegitimate, controversial arguments or irrelevant points designed to enflame an audience. often identified because they lack adequate evidence to support a claim. Fallacies. . are. :. Why do they matter?. Homework. Review:. Fallacies. pp. 103-105, §4.1 “Fallacies in General” . pp. 121-131. , §4.3 . “Fallacies of Weak Induction”. Inductive Argumentation. Analogical Reasoning, e.g., ex. 8.4. Causal Argumentation, e.g., 8.3b. . by Auguste Rodin. Rationalism. in its modern sense, . rationalism. is any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification. it is a method of justifying beliefs in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and logical. Things you believe. that you can justify. that are true. Statements that you believe. that you can justify within some system of justification to the satisfaction of most people who operate within that system.. What is a fallacy? . What is a fallacy?. A . failure in logical reasoning. A . misleading or unsound argument. .. Argumentative structure – Claim, Evidence, (Warrant). A . misleading or untrue WARRANT. Qiang . Ning, . . Zhili. . Feng. , . Hao Wu, . Dan . Roth. 07/18/2018. University of Illinois, . Urbana-Champaign . &. University . of Pennsylvania. Time is Important. Understanding . Niels Peek. Professor of Health Informatics. The University of Manchester. Clinical prediction methods. CAVEAT . . Why do we need prognostic models? Prevention is more effective than cure. ischemia. Oversimplification. Press here for results.. What results???. Drastically simple solution to what is clearly a complex problem: . We have a balance-of-trade deficit because foreigners make better products than we do..