The Road to Independence The French and Indian War Read Setting the Scene Page 104 Causes of War French and Indian War was between who French and Indians v British and Colonists 9 year conflict ID: 759695
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Slide1
Chapter 4 – Unit 2
Read Page 102-03 – Read Timeline
The Road to Independence
Slide2The French and Indian War
Read Setting the Scene – Page 104
Slide3Causes of War
French and Indian War was between who? French and Indians v. British and Colonists9 year conflictStruggle for eastern North AmericaCause:Rivalry between Britain and FranceOhio River ValleyForts v. Settlements
Slide4The Albany Plan of Union
Colonists saw how well the Iroquois League worked…A plan to unite all of the colonies under one president generalApproved by delegatesRejected by colonial legislaturesImportance?
Slide5Early British Defeats
Fort Necessity – Page 106French surprised British and colonial militia with less menMilitia: Armed citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergencyDifferent styles of fighting…French/Natives hid and shot at BritishBritish stood in straight linesFamous people in this war and their opinions: read page 106
Slide6The British win the war
Fighting spread to Asia and Europe French forts began to drop in present-day CanadaThe Iroquois had been playing both sides but sided with the British
Slide7Fall of Quebec
Read pages 107
The Treaty of Paris
In 1763 a treaty was signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain signed the treaty
France kept New Orleans because they gave it to Spain
British thought the colonists
were unsupportive
Weakened Loyalty to Britain
British military tactics angered the colonists
Lost respect for British military power
They believed the British didn’t respect them
Slide8Worksheet
Slide9Issues Behind the Revolution
Read Setting the Scene on page 109
Slide10Changing British Policy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek58v7W9u2g
British did not get along with the Native Americans
Ended the trade they had with the French
Pontiac’s Rebellion
In 1763 N.A.’s destroyed every British Fort west of the Appalachians except 2
The Proclamation of 1763
Closed the region west of the Appalachian Mountains to all colonists
Colonists Response?
Slide11Slide12British Financial Problems
British people were the most heavily taxed people in the worldFrench and Indian War escalated this burdenNew Prime Minister:George GrenvilleThought to tax the colonists…Sugar ActRead on page 111Cuts tax and enlarges navyCases are held under British law
Slide13British Financial Problems Ctn.
Quartering ActRequired colonies to provide housing and supplies for the British troops in AmericaColonists complained but complied…
Slide14The Stamp Act
A tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents, and most other printed materialsNeeded an official government stampGrenville hoped this would cover expense of British troops in America1st time colonists were taxed just to raise moneyGrenville’s strategy – read last paragraph on page 111
Slide15The Response
Stamp Act Congress – delegates from nine colonies attended
James Otis – “No taxation without representation”
Read quote on page 112
Sons of Liberty
People who organized boycotts
A refusal to buy certain products or use certain services as an act of protest
Kicked out stamp distributors
British merchants were unhappy
Grenville was removed
Parliament repealed the Stamp Act
Slide16Rising Tensions in the Colonies
After the joy of the repeal of the Stamp ActThe Declaratory Act was passedParliament decide they had the authority to make laws that applied to the colonists “in all cases whatsoever”Townshend ActsDuties on certain imported goodsEx: Glass and teaColonists used “No taxation without representation” Used violence and protests
Slide17The Boston Massacre
What was it?May 5, 1770British troops fired on a crowd5 colonists were killedBritish soldiers got offTownshend Acts were repealedThings cooled off, but many committees remained
Slide18The Boston Tea Party
Parliament passed the Tea Act to help the British East Indian CompanyGave them the right to sell in America without being taxedTea merchants protestedPressured sales agents of the Company to resignDidn’t allow ships to dockColonists dumped tea into the harbor
Slide19Intolerable Acts
Read page 115Who was the First Continental Congress?Read quote on page 115
Slide20Fighting at Lexington and concord
What happened at Lexington and Concord?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUwfnC0jaDshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeQGWTBl2x8The Revolutionary WarRead quote on page 116
Slide21The Parts of the Declaration
Preamble – IntroductionDeclaration of RightsWhat are natural rights? List of ComplaintsResolution of Independence
Slide22The Declaration of Independence
Read page 123 – 125
Answer Questions on page 126
All vocabulary
1-6 on the Comprehension
1 – 5 on the Critical Thinking
2 and 3 on the Issues Past and Present
1 on Analyzing Political Cartoons
Slide23Ideas Behind the Revolution
Read Setting the Scene on page 118
Slide24Common Sense
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-LGxOll2zc
Persuaded readers to make a break with Britain
Written in a simple style that anyone could read
2
nd
Continental Congress
Met in Philadelphia
What led to the decision for independence?
Olive Branch Petition and Common Sense
Slide25Drafting a Declaration
Based on the Enlightenment principleWhat was this?Based on English philosopher LockeWhat did he say? – Quote on page 120
Slide26Remember the Ladies
Read quote on page 121Why would it be a good time to rethink women’s place in society as well?Why is it contradictory to speak about liberty for the colonists but not slaves?Think about it…
Slide27Declaration of Independence Questions
Go over them
Slide28Fighting for Independence
Read Setting the Scene on page 127
Slide29The Battle of Bunker Hill
Where is Bunker Hill?
North of Boston
General Gage (of the British) attacked Patriots there
Led 3 charges up the hill
Patriots ran out of ammo and had to retreat
Result:
1,100 dead or wounded for the British (out of 2,400)
Patriots – Fewer than 400
Built colonists confidence
Slide30Terms in the Revolutionary War
Loyalists
People who remained loyal to Britain (colonists)
Mercenaries
Foreign soldiers who fight for pay
Casualties
Persons killed, missing, or wounded
Slide31American Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Fighting in their own territory
3,000 miles of ocean between Britain and America
Exceptional commander – George Washington
There was no single strategic center for Britain to conquer
Weaknesses
Not well-supplied
Unstable fighting force
Division amongst the American leaders
Slide32British Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Well-equipped, disciplined, and trained army
Best navy in the world
Loyalists
Native Americans
Mercenaries
Weaknesses
Unpopular in Britain
British commanders resisted adjustments necessary in America
Slide33Assignment
Slide34Fighting in the North
General Howe and the British pushed Washington and his army backTook New York CityWashington continued to retreatLost many soldiersThomas Paine produced The CrisisTried to encourageRead quote on page 130
Slide35Trenton and Princeton
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9yHhxxzTuMWhat did Washington do that was unique for the military at this time?What happened at the Battle of Trenton?Battle at PrincetonKept fires burningWent on a night time winter marchRead quote on page 131Won these battles and won back morale
Slide36Victory at Saratoga
The British move 15,000 men on the capital PhiladelphiaWashington’s men lose twiceThe Battle of Saratoga – Read section 131-132Horatio Gates and the growing Continental Army is victoriousTurning point in the warWhy?
Slide37Help from Abroad
What did you have written?Who all entered the war? FranceSpainThe NetherlandsWhat did this do?
Slide38Section 5 – Winning Independence
Read Setting the Scene on page 133
Slide39American Hardships
Financing the WarThe Continental Congress asked the states for:MoneyTroopsSuppliesCould they force them?Did create paper money…. But it wasn’t backed by goldDisruption of tradeWhat is a blockade?What is profiteering?What is inflation?
Slide40Victories
Americans take the Ohio Valley in the WestThe War in the South was on a smaller scaleFought primarily between Americans until the endBattle of Cowpens: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mW05_NXno_cWhat happened at Yorktown?Victory at Yorktown Washington and the French vs. Cornwallis and the BritishFrench blocked escape by waterAmerican Victory!
Slide41The Treaty of Paris
2 years later….U.S. is independentNorthern boarder set between Canada and U.S.Mississippi River set as boarder in the westSpain regained FloridaGreat Britain withdrew troopsCongress pledged to recommend to the states that the rights and property of American Loyalists be restoredDid this happen?
Slide42Impact of the Revolution
What were some impacts of the Revolution?
Established American Independence
Inspired Patriotism
What was the effect on African Americans and women?
For Native Americans, the war’s outcome was a disaster
The idea of liberty spread
Slide43Schedule
Tuesday Finish Lecture and Work on Review Sheet
Wednesday
Kahoot
Test Thursday
Slide44