LO To examine how the CCP and Kuomintang developed during the years 19111934 The Decline of the Qing Dynasty In medieval times China had been an advanced civilisation In the 1800s however it was much weaker than the growing empires of western Europe ID: 440758
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "China 1911-1934" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
China 1911-1934
L/O – To examine how the CCP and Kuomintang developed during the years 1911-1934Slide2
The Decline of the Qing Dynasty
In medieval times China had been an advanced civilisation
. In the 1800s, however, it was much weaker than the growing empires of western Europe.European traders moved in to exploit its pottery, silk and gems. There was an emperor of China but he did not really control the country.
By 1900, China was dominated by foreign powers, particularly
Japan, Britain and the USA
.Slide3Slide4
The Decline of the Qing Dynasty
In 1911 the last emperor of China, Puyi
, who was only 6 years old, was overthrown in a revolution.China collapsed into chaos as warlords divided the country up into local mini-kingdoms of their own. They recruited armies of local peasants to control their own areas.Slide5Slide6
Slide7
The Kuomintang (KMT)
This was the People’s National Party
and was formed to unite China.It was set up by Sun Yat-sen and was based on his 3 principles.
He was determined to rid China of foreign influence and to remove the power of the warlords.
The 3 Principles of the Kuomintang
1.) Nationalism
: to rid China of foreign influence and exploitation
2.) Democracy
: to create a more modern system of government acceptable to the people of China
3.) Social Advance
: to bring about reforms in industry and everyday life and particularly to improve the position of Chinese peasantsSlide8
The KMT allies with the Communists
To start with the KMT had little success. Sun Yat-sen
was impressed with what the Communists had achieved in Russia.In 1923 he turned to Russia who supplied arms, money and supplies but in return, he had to ally with the newly formed Chinese Communist Party (CCP).Slide9
Sun Yat-sen
Dies…
In 1925 Sun Yat-sen died of cancer. Chiang Kai-Shek, who was the leader of the KMT army, became leader.
Chiang K-S was alarmed at the growing power of the CCP. Most KMT officers were
landlords
or came from the
business classes
. They were afraid of the Communists. Slide10
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Formed in 1921 in Shanghai by Mao Zedong
& 12 others.Mao had studied Karl Marx & believed all property should be shared.
The CCP worked hard to help workers
form unions
.
From 1924-1927 they
helped
the KMT fight the warlords. The
influence
of the CCP soon grew.Slide11
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
The influence of Soviet Russia led the CCP to concentrate on peasants and workers
. The KMT ignored these groups.CCP offered land reform to poor peasants.
95%
of the Chinese were peasants.
10 million members by 1927.Slide12
The Northern Expedition 1926-1928
Chiang finally removed the warlords with the help of the CCP in 1928.
Peasants & workers welcomed Chiang’s armies & there was little resistance from the warlords.China was now reunified
and Chiang’s government was
recognised
by foreign powers.Slide13Slide14
The Shanghai Massacres - 1927
Chiang feared
the growing influence of the CCP, especially in Shanghai.In 1927 he turned on them & the KMT sent an army to Shanghai. The workers of Shanghai rebelled against the warlord
in the area.
When Chiang’s army arrived, it
executed
all the Communists it could find.Slide15Slide16
Reorganising the CCP – 1927-1934
Many Communist like Mao escaped to the province of Kiangsi
where Mao setup the Kiangsi Soviet and Red Army which had 11,000 members by 1930.
Support grew for the CCP as land was
redistributed
to peasants.
The Red Army trained in
Guerrilla Warfare
and was told to
respect peasants
.
The Eight Rules of the Red Army
Speak politely
Pay fairly for what you buy
Return anything you borrow
Pay for everything you damage
Don’t hit or swear at people
Don’t damage crops
Don’t take liberties with women
Don’t ill-treat prisonersSlide17
The Extermination Campaigns
Chiang was determined to crush the Kiangsi Soviet. Between 1930-1934 he launched 5 massive extermination campaigns
.The first 4 were failures due to the guerrilla tactics used by Mao’s forces. However over a million civilians were killed
. Mao was criticised.
Mao on the tactics of the Red Army, 1930
When the enemy advances, we retreat.
When the enemy halts, we harass.
When the army retires, we attack.
When the enemy retreats, we pursue.Slide18
Homework
Read pages 2-5 of ‘The Impact of Chairman Mao: China, 1946-1976
’.In your books, briefly explain the roles of the following in the events of 1911-1934:Confuscius, The Qing Dynasty, Yuan
Shikai
, Warlords, Sun
Yat-sen
, Chen
Duxiu
, Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong