evolutionary change Dana Rashid Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department MSU 150 million years Bird Evolution from Dinosaurs Chicken KPg Extinction Event 66mya NonAvian Dinosaurs ID: 725012
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Slide1
DinoChicken
Project
Using chicken embryos to understand dinosaur
evolutionary change
Dana Rashid
Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, MSUSlide2
150 million years
Bird Evolution from Dinosaurs
ChickenSlide3
K-Pg Extinction Event 66mya
Non-Avian Dinosaurs
Avian Dinosaurs
Theropods
Maniraptorans
Deinonychosauria
Oviraptorosauria
Therizinosauria
Avialae
Modern
Birds
(Aves)Slide4
Cretaceous transition to short tails
Caudipteryx
Jeholornis
130-120
mya
Sapeornis
Confuciusornis
Microraptor
Citipati
Avian dinosaurs
Non avian dinosaursSlide5
Traits that changed in bird evolution
Teeth & Snouts
to beaks
Wings with claws
to without claws
Long tails to
s
hort tails with a
pygostyle
Feather frond to tail feather
fan
Note: Clawed wings are still observed in a few modern birds; teeth disappeared just after the Cretaceous, and tails changed in the Cretaceous.Slide6
How do we study avian evolutionary events?
Genetics
Development
&
Birds vs. other Vertebrates Slide7
What kinds of mutations in vertebrates cause
short tails and/or fused vertebrae?
So……It’s possible that a single mutation could have both shortened the Cretaceous bird tail and caused the formation of the
pygostyle
. This possibility is supported by the fossil record.
Truncated
tail
mutants
Vertebral fusion mutantsSlide8Slide9
Somites
Nervous System
Mutation(s) affecting somite polarity may have been responsible for the Cretaceous transition to short tails
Somite anterior/posterior polarity is not properly established in the chick embryo tail. Mutations like this in mice usually cause loss of spinal nerves and short, fused tails.Slide10
No spinal nerves in the emuSlide11
Next up:
Comparative genetics
Embryo manipulationsSlide12
Would any manipulations result in a chicken with
a
long tail?
Possibly…Slide13
Work from other labs:
A mutant chicken, the
talpid
chicken, grows teeth.
Harris et al. 2006 Current Biology
By inhibiting a protein at the base of the beak, chicken beaks can resemble dinosaur snouts.
Bhullar et al. 2015 EvolutionSlide14
In Summary:Slide15
Acknowledgements:
Jack HornerCollaborators: Susan Chapman Clemson University
Luis Chiappe LA Museum of NH Alida
Bailleul University of Missouri
Christa Merzdorf Montana State University
Roger Bradley Montana State University Kevin Surya Montana State University
Funding: George Lucas