By Rachel Kristina Tomiah and Esther Connection to Learning Objectives Learning Objective 3 Describe and analyze the dynamics of privilege and institutional discrimination and design strategies to support diverse communities and influence social policy ID: 280312
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Slide1
Felons
By: Rachel, Kristina, Tomiah, and EstherSlide2
Connection to Learning Objectives
Learning Objective 3:
Describe and analyze the dynamics of privilege and institutional discrimination and design strategies to support diverse communities and influence social policy.Slide3
Overview
Diversity of Felons
Age
Minorities
Gender
Disabilities
Stages of the Justice System
Pre-Prison
Prison Experience
Post PrisonSlide4
What is a felon?
Merriam-Webster dictionary
Felon:
1 :
one who has committed a felony
Felony:
1
:
an act on the part of a feudal vassal involving the forfeiture of his fee2 a : a grave crime formerly differing from a misdemeanor under English common law by involving forfeiture in addition to any other punishment b : a grave crime declared to be a felony by the common law or by statute regardless of the punishment actually imposed c : a crime declared a felony by statute because of the punishment imposed d : a crime for which the punishment in federal law may be death or imprisonment for more than one year Slide5
Pre- Prison
Slide6
Pre-Prison: Age
Youth: 18 and under
What is leading youth to become juveniles?
lack of discipline at home and school
peer pressure
violence at home(home life)
low economic status
instability
Juvenile Arrests2.5 million juvenilesviolent crimes, property crime, arson, vandalism, larceny-theft, and burglary arrestsJuvenile Court1.7 million delinquency cases disposednationwide, it is easier to try juveniles in adult criminal courtSlide7
Pre-Prison: Age
Youth: 18 and under
Children getting sentenced into Adult prison for life
Over 2200 Juveniles nation wide
Unconstitutional for Juveniles to be sentenced to death
13 and 14 year olds in prison for life
Lack from legal representation
Help of adult in many crimes
Youtube video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gTJgwpcs_Y&feature=related Slide8
Pre-Prison: Age
Adults: 18 and older
Average age in prison is 39
Most common offenses
49% Drug related
15.6% for Weapons, explosives, and arsons
12.2% for Immigration
4.2% for RobberySlide9
Pre-Prison: Minorities
Racial Profiling:
Assumptions
colored people=more crimes
racial profiling
Disproportionate number of investigations
1991 chance of spending time in jail at some point in their life:
White males is 4%
Hispanics 16%.Black male 29% Slide10
Pre-Prison: Minorities
Slide11
Slide12
Pre-Prison: Gender
Gender is the strongest non-legal factor that influences the sentencing of a felon
-
Social Science Quarterly
, 2006
Non-Violent Crimes
Violent Crimes
Likelihood of Sentencing:
Females < Men
Likelihood of Sentencing:
Females = Men
Length of Sentence:
Females < Men
Length of Sentence:
Females < MenSlide13
Pre-Prison: Gender
Perceived "Threat" Level
Protecting society from crime
Criminal records and stereotypes
Women with childcare responsibilitiesSlide14
Pre-Prison: Disabilities
Disability:
"A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities of such individual."
Disabled Population:
20% of general public
30-40% of prison population
Greater percentage in juvenile facilities
Mental disability vs mental illness
50% of prison population Slide15
Pre-Prison: Disabilities
Factors contributing to high arrest rates of suspects with disabilities:
Suspicious behavior
Easily apprehended
May not understand rights
May confuse details
May falsely admit guiltSlide16
Pre-Prison: Disabilities
50% of felons with intellectual disabilities have been convicted of a sexual offence
Contributing factors:
Lack of social skills and training on appropriate/safe sexual behavior
A history of sexual or physical abuse
Limited or no available sexual partners
Difficulty projecting consequences of behaviorDifficulty recognizing and expressing emotionsSlide17
Prison Experience
Includes:
Length of Stay
Programs Offered
Treatment
Accommodations
ConsequencesSlide18
Prison Experience:Age
Youth: 18 and under
Juvenile Detention- Secure residential facility for young people that are waiting for court hearings and/or placement in long- term care facilities and programs.
In Juvenile Detention:
medical assessment
education
group care
Option to go to boot campSlide19
Prison Experience: Age
Adults: 18 and older
Institutions: Low security Federal correctional institutions(FCI's), Medium Security FCI, High Security FCI, Correctional complexes, Satellite prison camps
Educational classes
Work
Sawyer's work experience
Wage
Counseling
*All matters which prison the person is sentenced toSlide20
Prison Experience: Minorities
Convictions
Non Drug
Drugs
Violent felony offences
Weapons
Length of Stay
Blacks
Average 27 months for whites and 46 months for blacksVoting RightsTotal of 5.3 million people with no voting rightsSlide21
Prison Experience: Gender
Perceived Threat Level
"...More lenient treatment of women is found for both racial minorities and Whites”.
-
Criminal Justice Policy Review
, 2000
Correctional System Services
Substance Dependency HistoriesTrauma HistoriesPrograms OfferedPrison PopulationState Prisons, 2000: 94% MaleFamily Effects:Minor children
Family dynamics
IncomeSlide22
Prison Experience: Disabilities
American with Disabilities Act of 1990
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections v. Yeskey, 1998
What is reasonable?
Lack of funding
Isolation as means of protectionSlide23
Post Prison Sentence
Includes:
Societal Integration
Execution
Parole
Re-offendingSlide24
Post Prison: Age
Youth: 18 and under
55% re-offend within one year after release
increase in crime
victimization
homelessness
family destabilization
public health risks
Huge difference of the area of the arresturban vs. RuralMost likely not to re-offend if prosecuted in juvenile justice system, not adult courtSlide25
Post Prison: Age
Adults: 18 and older
1994 results
300,000 prisoners released in 15 states
68% re-arrested within 3 years
47% convicted a new crime
25% recommitted to prison with new sentence
Parole violation
EmploymentCommon jobs were construction, general manual labor, maintenance, and assembly line or factory jobsTwo month after release 43% respondents had been employed after leaving prison, only 31% still employedStruggle to find businesses hiring convicted felonsHousingHalfway housing (Example, Hope Village)Slide26
Post Prison: Minorities
Re-offending
48% of ex-offenders
Societal Integration
Jobs
Unemployment rate 50% for people with records
White former inmates averaged $7,880 per year and Blacks just $4,762
Disadvantaged by daily nature of prison experience
Voting Eligibility13% of all Black men in the U.S. have lost their electoral rights15th Amendment48 of 50 states have felon disenfranchisement laws.Slide27
Post Prison: Gender
Execution
US Capital Punishment favors women
Men
Women
Reasons for Recidivism
Slide28
Post Prison: Disabilities
Parole
A disabled felon is half as likely to receive parole
Execution
Atkins v. Virginia
Recidivism
79% of mentally ill felons have prior convictions
60% of disabled felons have prior convictionsSlide29
Summary
Diversity of Felons
Age
Minorities
Gender
Disabilities
Stages of the Justice System
Pre-Prison
Prison ExperiencePost PrisonSlide30
References:
Atkins V. Virginia
, 536 US 304 (2002).
BONTRAGER, S., BALES, W. and CHIRICOS, T. (2005). RACE, ETHNICITY,THREAT AND THE LABELING OF CONVICTED FELONS. Criminology, 43: 589–622. doi: 10.1111/j.0011-1348.2005.00018.x
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Probation and Parole in the United States, 2004 (10 pp.) (NCJ 210676)
.
Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2004).
State court sentencing of convicted felons 2004. Retrieved from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/html/scscf04/tables/scs04203tab.cfmCampaign for Youth Justice. (n.d.). National statistics. Retrieved from http://www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/national-statistics.htmlCockram, J. (2005). People With an Intellectual Disability in the Prisons. Psychiatry, Psychology And Law, 12(1), 163-173. doi:10.1375/pplt.2005.12.1.163
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