of Polish photography Photography which idea is based on the wellknown since ancient times camera obscura is the result of the Cartesian way of thinking about the ID: 254709
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "History" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
History
of
Polish
photography
Slide2
Photography
, which idea is based on the well-known since ancient times „camera obscura
”, is the result of the Cartesian way of thinking about the world, in consequence
it’s the result of a record and consolidation of changing reality with the help of technical equipment - optical. So it is a combination of scientific and art aspects of the invention .
PhotographySlide3
A bit of
historyThe origins of Polish photography were associated with the development of economy and culture
on the territories under Austrian, Prussian and Russian partitions. That's why photographers from Polish territories were active both in Paris and St. Petersburg as well as in the cities of Ukraine and Siberia.Slide4
First
talbotypes (and probably daguerreotypes) were made in 1839 by an engineer from Kielce Province, Maximilian Strasz. In 1856
he published the coursebook on the topic of taking
pictures
.Examples of daguerreotypesSlide5
The
oldest preserved daguerreotypes date back to 1839 and were made by Andrzej
Radwanski. This technique - the daguerreotype process in
photography dominated to 1860s. Daguerreotypes of WarsawSlide6
Others who created pictures
using this technique were: Marcin Zalewski, a painter from Warsaw (considered to be
the
father of artistic photography in Poland), Józef Gloisner from Lviv, Jan Stefan Kuczynski from Krakow and a well- known Warsaw lithographer Scholtz Moritz - one of the first professional
daguerrotypists on Polish lands who
published his lithographic prints based on his own daguerreotypes.Slide7
The most important
Polish photographer in the 19th c. was Karol Beyer, not only dagerotypist, but also a patriot, antiquarian, publisher of numerous photo albums, acting in Warsaw since 1845.
He took pictures in different techniques: collodion, stereoscope, ambrotype, and the carte de visite. He was an outstanding portraitist, who reached the European level, what could
be
seen in his psychological portraits. He was also a pioneer in scientific and „sightseeing” photography. His colleagues were Marcin Olszynski and Konrad Brandel.Karol BeyerSlide8
Some
of the oldest pictures of Warsawby Karol
BeyerSlide9
Events of the January Uprising of 1863 and the demonstrations immediately preceding them, were an impulse to the creation of photographs taken as a form of political agitation and even political struggle (K.
Beyer, Walery Rzewuski and others.).
Photos
from the time of January UprisingSlide10
In
the second half of the 19th c.
collodion
photography was mainly developed and the major photographic studios were established in Warsaw. An important Warsaw photographer was Jan Mieczkowski (competing with Beyer). He was an eminent portrait
painter, awarded in numerous
photographic salons in Europe and Asia.
By Jan MieczkowskiSlide11
There
were also photographic studios in Krakow and
Lviv (conducted by Józef Eder, Edward Trzemeski). Other important Warsaw studios were
run by Konrad
Brandel, Maksymilian Fajans and Walerian Twardzicki.Konrad Brandel
Photos of Warsaw by BrandelSlide12
Many dagerotype photo studios across Poland
became interested in the technique of wet collodion. The major
studios
using this technique were conducted by Wacław Rzewuski in Krakow, Józef Czechowicz and Alexander Wladyslaw Strauss in Vilnius, and Michał Greim in Kamieniec Podolski, a painter who became interested
in photography in the 1860s. He
considered a photograph as a document- an ethnographic portrait. This kind
of
activity
,
understood
as a form of national
self-awareness
development, was
practiced
in
Krakow
portraits
in
the
form of carte de
viste
by Rzewuski, Ignacy
Kriger
, and
in
the
90s by Walerian
Twardzicki
.Slide13
Another specialty of Polish photographers of that time was photography of mountains
, because in the culture of the region artistic roots were sought, which could revive the Polish culture. The
T
atra Mountains photography pioneer in the 1870s was Awit Schubert who was also an outstanding portraitist. Stanisław Bizański and Walery Eliasz Radzikowski also created photographs and albums on the theme of mountains.
Awit
Schubert
,
the
Tatra MountainsSlide14
Also
press photography developed along with more and more improved technology in the late 19th c
. The first Polish press photographer was Konrad Brandel. He is considered to be a constructor of a „photogun"
(
handheld camera) for snapshots in 1881. In the early 20th c. Łukasz Dobrzański created even more modern works, e.g. photos from Egypt. He worked for the
newspaper "The Illustrated Weekly" and was known and rewarded for photography
on international stage, too.Slide15
In 1891
the Club of Photographic Art Lovers was formed
in Lviv (it
was
later transformed into the Lviv Photographic Society). This way the art photography movement began to develop and it was centered
around Henryk Mikolasch
, Józef Świtkowski, Rudolf Huber and
others
.
I
n 1895
t
he
club
started
to
publish "
Photography Review" - the first
magazine
dedicated to
photography
in the Polish territories.
In 1901 Photographic Society was
also
establish
ed
in Warsaw
.
LvivSlide16
In about
1908 Jan Bułhak, described later as the "father of Polish photography", inspired by the ideas of the painter Ferdynand Ruszczyc, created in a theoretical (the book
s "Photography ", "Aesthetics of light ", "Native Photography") and artistic way the work that was the nature of art photography.
Jan BułhakSlide17
Jan
Bułhak was an outstanding portraitist of architecture and spiritual climate initially of Vilnius (1912-1919), then in the 1920s and 30s of the
whole Polish country. His ultimate goal was “native photography” - he wanted to show the nation
values
.VilniusGdańskSlide18
The second most important center of Polish pictorialism was Lviv.
The most significant photographers gathered
in the Lviv Photographic Society were Henryk Mikolasch, Józef
Świtkowski, Witold Romer, Jan Alojzy Neuman, Franciszek
Groer and Janina Mierzecka.
Henry
k
MikolaschSlide19
Poznań pictorialism
was presented by Tadeusz Cyprian, Boleslaw Gardulski and Tadeusz Wański, author of the romantic and nostalgic landscapes, considered to be
the greatest follower of Bułhak’s tradition after World War II .
Photos
of Tadeusz WańskiSlide20
In
the 1930s pictorialists started to photograph street scenes, physical workers
. Bulhak himself (as well as e.g. Romer) in the 1930s undertook modernist themes, photographed in
a
harsh way. In this way, pictorialism approached the "new photography", which was rejected just a few years earlier .Slide21
It is worth noting that the Polish
pictorialists maintained extensive international contact, they participated in international salons around the world. Cyprian was a correspondent for the annual "Photograms
of the Year” in the UK. In Poland such magazines as "Photographer" and "Photographic Monthly Magazine" were
issued
.Tadeusz CyprianSlide22
Photography of an avant-garde style was created by artists, but there was absolute isolation and a reluctance among Polish pictorialists
and representatives of classical avant-garde. Photography was a modern weapon in the fight for a new art, but also a form of political agitation, usually in the form of photomontage.Slide23
Quite a unique position among modernist photograph
ers has Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy) - outstanding art theorist, playwright and unfulfilled painter, for whom photography
was a multi-functional instrument to learn or mask his identity and personality. He didn’t create landscape or pictorial photography, but instead
psychological
ly deep portraits and self-portraits. His most valuable pictures were taken between 1912-1919.Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, a photo self-portraitSlide24
Photo report
did not develop in Poland, as in Germany or Czechoslovakia for various reasons. In Poland, documentary photography had two forms. The first was intended for the press at that time. It showed the political events in a social context (Jan Ryś and Henryk Śmigacz
– photographers for „Kurier Warszawski”). The second form was not addressed to mass audience and was an expression of professional
activity. The exceptions are pictures by Aleksander Minorski documenting the lives of poor inhabitants of Warsaw in 1930s, images of Polish Jews in Warsaw by Roman Vishniaka from the late 1930s and photos of Vilnius by Mojżesz Worobiejczyk.
Henryk
ŚmigaczA photo by Jan Ryś
in
the
newspaper
„Kurier Warszawski”Slide25
The most important Polish war photographers are Jan Ryś and Henryk Śmiagacz, who
documented September 1939 in the capital city of Warsaw, and photographers of Warsaw Uprising
in
1944 - Tadeusz Bukowski, Sylwester Braun and Eugeniusz Lokajski, who photographed even a married couple of insurgents.
World War IISlide26
After World War II in 1946, the exhibition
of photos by Bułhak presenting the ruins of Warsaw was held at the National Museum in Warsaw.
Ruins
of Warsaw,Jan BułhakSlide27
In 1947,
with the initiative of Bułhak and Leonard Sempoliński the Polish Artists -Photographers Association was established
, renamed in 1952 to eventually existing till nowadays the Union of Polish Art Photographers. It was a continuation of Photo-Polish Club with the concept of art photography, but adapted to the realities of life in a socialist country
wh
ich political directives could not get past photographs.Slide28
Nevertheless artists resisted the comunist state's demands for realism in art by drawing on the tradition of the avant-garde, adopting a strategy called "neo avant-garde ". Photographers
directed their creative energies towards experiments. The most widely known
avant-garde photographers were Zbigniew Dłubak, Zdzisław Beksiński, Jerzy Lewczyński, Bronisław Schlabs, Andrzej Pawłowski, Natalia Lach-Lachowicz, Józef Robakowski, Zofia Rydet, Adam Bujak, Stefan Wojnecki, Henryk Rogoziński (from Bielsk Podlaski) and many others.Zofia Rydet, a photograph from
the series “Sociological record", 1978-1988
„Zone III”
Henryk Rogoziński, a
self-portraitSlide29
Currently a number of artists who can be classified as classical avant-garde still retain a very strong position in Polish photography.
One of these classics is Zbigniew Dłubak (born in 1921), who was one of the leaders of the analytical and conceptual trends in Polish art for many years.
In the 1990s he had a few large retrospective exhibitions in Poland that evoked discussions
about the current role of the avant-garde tradition.
Zbigniew Dłubak,"Streets are for people not for the sun", 1948Slide30
An outstanding personality in contemporary art is also Natalia
Lach-Lachowicz (born in 1937), who in the 1970s cooperated with D
łubak in the group "Permafo". Many of her works are photographic images of her own face.
Natalia LL
„Mirror”Slide31
Józef Robakowski
(born in 1939)is also constantly active, wh
o currently creates works of video art, photography, installation and painting.
Video performance „
I’m electrical”Józef RobakowskiSlide32
It’s
worth to note two photographers who have run independently of the collective trends. Edward Hartwig (1909-2003) developed his own style, based on emphasizing the graphic qualities, making free use of different inspirations.
Edward Hartwig, „
Self-portrait
”Slide33
Krzysztof Gierałtowski
(born 1938) has also a strong personality, since the 1970s has
continued a series of portraits of people, where he tries to reveal the inner traits of their personalities. In general, he tends to achieve a strong expression, which is supposed to indicate a fundamental existential questions.
Krzysztof GierałtowskiSlide34
The source of inspiration and reference for the Polish artistic photography of the last decade is undoubtedly art avant-garde of the sixties and seventies. However, contemporary artists
who draw on this tradition, are often more focused on experimentation with materials and techniques that new media enable. Today Art Photography is very often one of the
components of the system, larger projects, etc., that means it is on the borderline of art photography, performance and video art.Katarzyna Kozyra against the installation „Spring Holiday”Slide35
One of the first colour photos was made in
about 1900 by „Polish Edison” - Jan Szczepanik. He patented this method in
the USA and Great Britain. Later, in 1928, the American company Kodak introduced the colour film "Kodachrome" based on the Szczepanik’s license and
the German company Agfa, after improving
his project, produced its own device "
Agfacolor
".
Curiosity
A label of the packet of sensitive paper for
colour
photography which was invented by Jan
Szczepanik
.
One of first
colour
photos taken by its inventor Jan
Szczepanik
. Slide36
W
iktor
Wolkow (born in April 4, 1942 in Bialystok,
d
ied in March 27, 2012 in Supraśl) – an artist and photographer who came from our region. He specialized in landscape and nature photography of Polish Northeast. Since 1973 he was a member of the Union of Polish Art Photographers. Wolkow prepared a
bout one hundred solo exhibitions and more than a dozen of albums, he was a
winner of over 100 awards in national and international competitions. He’s considered to be a master of mood, impressionist, romanticist,
and even
a
local
photographic chauvinist
.Slide37
This
presentation
was prepared by:
Fiedoruk
JuliaGrabowska WeronikaOksiuta WioletaWąż Gabriela