None means no one or nobody used as a pronoun adverb or a noun None of the students performed well in physics It is none of your business The old dress looked none the better even after drycleaning ID: 429616
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Slide1
Negative prefixesSlide2
None
means
no one
or
nobody
used
as a
pronoun
,
adverb
, or a
noun
.
None
of the students performed well in physics
It
is none of your business
The
old dress looked none the better even after dry-cleaning
She
responded to none of my text
messages
singular
when
emphasize
a single entity in a
group
plural
when
emphasize
more than
one
None
of the books is/are worth reading.
None
of us is/are going to the banquet. Slide3
Negative
prefixes
non-
The prefix non- is the most useful negative prefix, as it can be attached to virtually any noun, verb, adjective, or adverb
used to create a word that describes the complete opposite of its nonnegative form.
When
affixing
non-
to a
word, no hyphen
is needed unless the stem is a
proper noun.
Non-
=“absence or lack of”:
non-standard.
“not doing, failure to do”:
non-accomplishment
If someone has a
non-medical
background, it simply means he has nothing to do with the medical world.
If one is talking about
nonlinear
motion, it is clear that he is explaining motion that is anything but in a straight line.Slide4
Unrevealed
means “not made known”:
The mayor’s plans remain unrevealed as of this writing.
Non-revealed
, on the other hand, is used by religious writers to mean “not founded on teachings delivered to mankind by a special emissary sent from God”:
Christianity and Islam are revealed religions; Taoism is a non-revealed religion.
When faced with adding
un-
or
non-
to an adjective (including participles ending in
-
ed
), use
un-
when all you mean is the adjective’s opposite.
If you want to convey
the lack of something
, use
non-
.Slide5
non-flammable
materials
a non-renewable
resource
In non-technical
every-day talk
words and
non-words
nontransparent
non-count nouns
Britons are not necessarily
un-American
people, but they are certainly
non-American. Slide6
un-
attached to Latin derivatives that end in
-
ed
/
-able
, (
unfounded
, unassailable, and unbelievable) By adding un to reliable we change the meaning of the word to not reliable. "Un" is a little stronger than "non" and, when it's attached to a participle, often means that the act implied in the participle hasn't been done yet. An unconnected appliance hasn't been connecteda disconnected one has had the plug pulled.un·be·liev·er neverniknoun a person who does not believe; a person who does not accept any, or some particular, religious belief.non·be·liev·er ateista–noun a person who lacks belief or faith, as in god, a religion, an idea, or an undertaking.
added to verbs = reversal of action:wind/unwindbind/unbindfold/unfolddo/undolock/unlockfasten/unfastenbuckle/unbucklecover/uncoverwrap/unwrapdone/undone
added to adjectives =opposite
happy/unhappy
biased/unbiased
dyed/
undyed
available/unavailable
conventional/
unconventiona
tied/
untied
unknown
unwanted
unavailable
uncoolSlide7
in-
,
im
-
,
il
-
,
ir-The in- prefix (from which im-, il-, and ir- are derived) is generally the least useful of the negative prefixes, as it only goes with certain Latin-derived stems (e.g., intolerant, inarticulate, impenetrable), is highly conventionalized, and is identical to morphemes used in words that are not negative:inflammable /e:/, which means the same thing as flammable opposite of "non-flammable." irradiate, which means to expose to radiationilluminate, which means to make luminousinhumane, inexplicable, insane ...Use in- prefix with words that start with consonants and vowels, but not i or u.Im- before words that start with m or p: impossible. 'improper', imbalance, immature ...Ill- illegal, illegitimateir- irreducible, irrelevant, irreplacable, irregular
An immoral person violates a known moral code; an amoral one knows no such code. Slide8
de-
,
a-
,
anti-
The prefix
de-
is usually affixed to verbs to denote reversal of an action. deactivate,decode, decompose, decontaminate, decrease, deform, defrost, derailA- is affixed to adjectives ending in -al. Political/apoliticalSexual/asexualTypical/atypicalAnti- means againstSlide9
"
Dis-
“
usually implies "no longer,"
"
disarmed
" means that weapons have been removed,
"unarmed" means they were never there. often has a stronger, more active negative connotation. Someone who is "unrespected" simply gets no respect--he's overlooked and taken for granted, people use his things withut asking, etc. Someone who is "DISrespected" is insulted or otherwise more actively shown contempt. related to bis, (two), and can be used in the sense of separation:disjoindisableIn the course of centuries, distinctions between un- and dis- have blurred. Sometimes the prefixes are interchangeable. Sometimes not.Sometimes a perceived difference may exist only in the mind of the individual English speaker.Many speakers distinguish between disorganized and unorganized.Disorganized applies to the sort of person who stuffs receipts into the sock drawer and can never find the car keys. Unorganized applies to things which have not yet been arranged in an organized manner. By this reasoning, a person would be disorganized, but an office would be unorganized.At one time, unease and disease (first syllable stressed) could be used interchangeably with the meaning “state of anxiety.” Now
disease (second syllable stressed) has taken on the meaning of “illness.”Angry arguments are waged over the differentiated meanings of uninterest and disinterest. The argument is that uninterested should be used with the sense of “indifferent, lacking in interest, while disinterested should be used only when the intended meaning is “impartial.” the adjective that corresponds to the noun discomfort is uncomfortable.Slide10
http://lognlearn.jimdo.com/vocabulary/wordbuilding/negative-prefixes/Slide11
http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/negative-prefixes