Trematoda Flatworms Flukes Flatworm unsegmented body No body cavity nutrients diffuse across body surface acoelomate gt11000 species Affect gt300 million people each year mostly in Africa and Asia ID: 286472
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PlatyhelminthsTrematoda (Flatworms)FlukesSlide2
Flatwormunsegmented bodyNo body cavity; nutrients diffuse across body surface =acoelomate >11,000 species
Affect >300 million people each year (mostly in Africa and Asia)
Most are obligate parasitesLive in intestines, tissue, or bloodDistinctive mouth part (sucker)Intermediate stages are asexual whereas adults are either male or female Complex life cycle
Facts about FlukesSlide3
Intestinal Fluke
Liver
Fluke- this species actually eats your liver and blood causing problems with fat metabolism and systemic inflammation.Blood Fluke- causes infection in the blood that can cause fever and also can spread throughout the bloodstream to affect other organs and glands of the body.Lung
FlukeDifferent kinds of flukesSlide4
Responsible for Schistosomiasis considered by WHO as the 2nd
most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria)
the worms are not found in US >200 million people are infected worldwide.one of the NTDParasitic larvae
live in certain types of freshwater snails.
Shistosoma
: Blood FlukesSlide5
Life Cycle
Male and female adult worms
Eggs released in bladder or intestines excreted w/ urine or feces to fresh waterLarvae pass through intermediate host = snailLarvae can survive outside snail for ~48
hrs 2nd
larval stage completed and parasite can directly penetrate skin of human
host
Parasite mates in host
Eggs are passed out through urine or fecal matterSlide6
Where is it found?Slide7
Common SymptomsSymptoms are caused by the body’s reaction to the eggs
.
Can cause inflammation and scarring of bladder or intestinesWithin days of infection host may develop a rash or itchy skin.Within 1-2 months of infection, symptoms may develop including fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches.
SymptomsSlide8
Chronic schistosomiasisWithout treatment, schistosomiasis can persist for years.
Signs and symptoms of chronic
schistosomiasis include: abdominal pain enlarged liver blood in the stool or blood in the urine problems passing urine. Chronic infection can also lead to increased risk of bladder cancer.
Rarely, eggs are found in the brain or spinal cord and can cause seizures, paralysis, or spinal cord inflammation.
SymptomsSlide9
No vaccine availableDrink and bathe in fresh water that is not contaminatedMinimize intermediate host populationDifficult b/c harmful to other fresh water organisms
Certain species of blood flukes can also infect cattle
Runoff into freshwater source can lead to further contaminationPreventionSlide10
Anti-parasitic medicationAnti-inflammatory medicationEradication efforts
Treatment