Almitra H Patel Member Supreme Court Committee for Solid Waste Management in Class 1 Cities almitrapatelrediffmailcom wwwalmitrapatelcom 1 MSW RULES ARE MANDATORY NGT IS NOW ENFORCING THEM ID: 433324
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SWM ADVICE FOR ULBS
Almitra H PatelMember, Supreme Court Committee for Solid Waste Management in Class 1 Cities almitrapatel@rediffmail.com www.almitrapatel.com
1Slide2
MSW RULES ARE MANDATORY
NGT IS NOW ENFORCING THEMThe Municipal Solid Waste (Mgt & Handling) Rules 2000 were framed as a response to a PIL No WP (C ) 888/1996 for improved waste mgt. The hon. Supreme Court forwarded this PIL to the National Green Tribunal (NGT) at Delhi in September 2014 to ensure compliance.
The NGT had directed all States and Union Territories to submit their Solid Waste Management Plans for complying with Rules.
2Slide3
NGT REQUIRES STATE
SWMgt PLANS BEFORE 17 MARCH 2015 POSITIVELYAll Chief Secretaries of States and UTs were summoned at last NGT hearing on 6 Feb 2015 and told they were personally liable for submitting their State Solid Waste Mgt Plans.The
SWMgt
Plan has to be time-bound and spell out how different aspects of the MSW Rules will be complied with, and when.
3Slide4
Kar
. Plan must cover All ULBsPopulation/ULB No of ULBs Waste/ULB in Tons/day 10-20,000 TP 94 2 - 4
20-50,000 TMC
68
4 - 10
0.5 - 1
lac
26
10 - 20
1-2 lac 12 20 - 602-3 lac 3 70 – 100 3-5 lac 7 100 - 200 5-10 lac 3 200 – 40010+ lac Blr 1 3500 tpd BlrSo work to make 190 or 93% into Zero-waste towns managing waste within town limits
4Slide5
TO COMPLY WITH MSW RULES : “
MINIMISE WASTE TO LANDFILL”1, COLLECT UNMIXED Wet and Dry wastes separately AT THE DOORSTEP.
2,
TRANSPORT UNMIXED wastes Separately.
Public will cooperate if ULBS are SEEN TO KEEP WASTES UNMIXED.
3,
DRY WASTE TO WASTE COLLECTORS for sale
to waste buyers, scrap dealers, recyclers.
Unmixed Dry waste is clean, so it fetches a better price and reduces absenteeism of waste-collectors.
4,
STABILISE WET WASTE by unloading waste in Stacks or Wind-rows or by Bio-methanation.5Slide6
DOORSTEP COLLECTION IN PUSHCARTS WORKS BEST: 2 Persons for ~350 homes.
Receive doorstep waste into a sorting basin first to put pure wet waste in bins and sort dry waste into different bags6Slide7
WASTE SHOULD NOT TOUCH GROUND
Carefully match collection timings from primary (pushcart) to secondary vehicle (tractor/truck). Max 1 hr wait at transfer point7Slide8
PUSHCART BINS TO TRACTORS or Mini Trucks IS BEST OPTION
Waste need not be touched by hand. Bins can be easily unloaded onto decentralised Stacks or small Windrows.
Can travel to 10-15 km and make 3 trips/day
REMOVE ALL STREET DUSTBINS AND BEAUTIFY THAT SPOT WITH RANGOLI AND FLOWERPOTS
Remove old waste heaps and debris in mass cleanup drive AFTER starting door-step collection
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STABILISE WET WASTE BY
STACK COMPOSTING in ‘Banve’Prepare wooden frames withbaskets or mats on it, to let incool air from below the stack. ADD WET WASTE DAILY in
THIN LAYERS
to get enough air
(0.2m = 8” max thk, go 2m high
)
Sprinkle with 5% FRESH
cowdung
solution to speed
up decomposition. Leave
for 1-3 months to mature it.Each Im x 2m stack takes 0.4 tpd for 10 days9Slide10
AUCTION THE STABILISED HEAPS
Stacks need no turning labour, power, equipment
I
ncome from
Unmixed
Wet waste
to supervisors
as reward for their efforts
Farm soils improve with
this organic manure,
crops need less water.OK for 190 ULBs upto 2 lacpop. Area reqd 4 sq m/ton/day for 3months, then reuse 10Slide11
To comply with Rules,
STABILISE WET WASTE :UNLOAD WASTE IN WIND-ROWS (NOT DUMPS).
Form long parallel heaps 2meters high)
with space between rows for turning every 5 – 7 days for aeration.
Then there is NO ODOUR or LEACHATE TO POLLUTE GROUNDWATER, as the
waste will be
Stabilised
after 4-6 turnings and ready for sieving & use by farmers.
100
tpd
needs 200 m3/day = 3m x 67m windrows/day on 1.5 hectare concrete pad for stabilising. 11Slide12
Plastic in mixed waste is a major problem in composting and needs very costly machinery to remove
12Slide13
DO
NOT MIX DEBRIS OR DRAIN SILT WITH DOORSTEP WASTEKeep separate afternoon collection and remove silt at once into separate vehicle. Do not leave on
road to dry.
Allot
half-km stretch to one
person and give a
wheely
bin
o
r bins on handcarts. Unloaddirectly into leakproof truck . Use to improve roadsides13Slide14
Keep construction Raw
mtls off the roadBuilders must store and dispose of their soil wasteand brick waste & stones
s
eparately for reuse.
Concrete blocks and waste concrete and plaster must be given separately for crushing into recycled sand.
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COMPACTORS ARE TOTALLY UNSUITABLE FOR
SECONDARY TRANSPORTTransferring push-cart bins to tractors or trucks works best for leaving streets clean.
Compactors are
a lazy option for dump
loading at
ground
l
evel because
matching the vehicle designs
for transfer of waste
from primary to secondary vehicles requires intelligent planning.Compacting dry waste makes it unsortable and unusable for the recycling tradeCompacted wet waste is mostly incompressible and turns anaerobic and smellyConsider only for metros taking waste 40+ km away.15Slide16
NEVER OUTSOURCE OVER 50% COLLECTION & TRANSPORT
Ensure healthy competition to avoid both unionpressure and monopolistic private practices.Never give Collection+Transport
as well as
Processing+Disposal
to same party without stringent city and third-party monitoring to avoid Kanpur-type scams, showing 10 times higher collection and receipts than
actuals
.
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BENEFITS OF DECENTRALISED SWM
Savings in transport labour, diesel, repairs. Fewer traffic jams, carbon emissions,
no pollution
of distant unmonitored spaces.
No fear of village protest for ill-managed sites
Savings can pay to support on-site SWM options by individuals or bulk
generators, so as to
Minimise
Waste To Landfill.
Only 10% total waste needs permanent site.
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CLUSTER SITES ARE WORST OPTION!
They will be nobody’s baby, just like CommonEffluent Treatment Plants. Substandardwaste will reach it, like Akbar’s milk hundi
.
Small & Medium Towns
now have advantage
of manageable quantities of waste and many
can easily become
no-outside-dump
cities
with unmixed discards &
decentralised SWM.Villages resisting outside waste will force this18Slide19
INCINERATION IS UNVIABLE AND NOT ALLOWED
The Planning Commission’s May 2014 Kasturirangan Report permits it for consideration only FOR DRY WASTE IN
METRO CITIES WITH LARGE TONNAGES
Indian mixed waste has too low calorific value
so there is not a single success story in India since 1996. Most are
scams, costing 50 times more per ton of waste and 6 times more per
kwh
generated, if at all.
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STRICT MONITORING OF WASTE - MANAGEMENT SITES IS A MUST
Compost plants awarded to private parties are not monitored, often on purpose.City pays them (and someone shares?) ‘Tipping Fees’ to allow open-dumping of waste transported by ULB to ULB’s own land given on long lease at trivial cost.
Tipping fees abroad are for return on massive capital investment in private
land.
So PAY ONLY SUPPORT PRICE ON OUTPUT of compost to ensure proper processing.
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DUMPING & LEVELLING IS ILLEGAL !
NO SOIL COVER ON RAW WASTEANAEROBIC AIRLESS WASTE
PRODUCES
POLLUTING
LEACHATE, ruining wells.
DO NOT DUMP INTO LOW-
LYING AREA or QUARRY
PITS.
Then you cannot see or collect
leachate, seeping far below.Fill quarry pits with debris or waste soil, then form windrows on this newly created space. 21Slide22
EXISTING OPEN DUMPS MUST BE IMPROVED AND REMEDIATED
Abandoning existing sites is not an option, it favours land-speculators.
Bio-mining is the best option. It removes all
material down to near-ground-level, leaving
15% rejects & no methane-generating waste.
At
Gorai
, 1 hectare of 12 meter height
was cleared
in 4 months for Rs 10
lacs in 2008, recovering land worth Rs 600/sft or Rs 28 crores/hectare for re-use or other plans.22Slide23
BIOMINING OPTIONS
Loosen top 6” of waste with cultivator,hand-pick out large wastes, heap into windrows
.
Add
biocultures
or old compost and turn as
for fresh waste. Sieve out organic
fraction called bio-
earth and use it for restoration of mined areas by
promoting growth of grass, bushes and later trees.
Raichur is testing a garbage sorter which leavesalmost no waste behind: it gives clean plastics,clean fine organics, clean sand / gravel.Can start work at many points around dump.This does not work on wet fresh waste. 23Slide24
DO NOT CAP
UNLINED OPEN DUMPSLandfill gases seep out from sides withdisastrous results on health of electronics
& nearby residents, as seen at
Mindspace
Complex at
Malad
, Mumbai
.
Methane capture is max 55% even in best
lined landfills. Plateau above 30o sideslopes is only 1/3 rd area of base whichbiomining down to ground level can give.24Slide25
ADMINISTRATIVE & POLITICAL WILL
IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY FOR SUCCESSFUL SWM
Technology is never
the
problem
.
solutions
at all scales of operation are available.
AIM
FOR AND YOU CAN ACHIEVE A LITTER-FREE, BIN-FREE, DUMP-FREE TOWN25Slide26
BEGIN AWARENESS TRG IN ULB
Awareness for PKs / SKs and their maistrys/ supervisors on SEPARATE TRANSPORT ofdry waste, pure wet waste, mixed-wet waste.Citizens cooperate fast whhen they see this. Give new councillors & MLAs a good SWM briefing to help them take sound decisions. Give maistrys upwards imprest = 1 day’s pay for rapid response in the field.
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