Chapter 10 by Gerald Corey BrooksCole A division of Cengage Learning Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy REBT Stresses thinking judging deciding analyzing and doing Assumes ID: 252445
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Theory and Practice of Counseling and PsychotherapyChapter 10
by Gerald Corey
Brooks/Cole,
A division of
Cengage
LearningSlide2
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
Stresses thinking
,
judging, deciding, analyzing, and doingAssumes that cognitions, emotions, and behaviors interact and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationshipIs highly didactic, very directive, and concerned as much with thinking as with feelingTeaches that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (1)Slide3
The Therapeutic Process
Therapy is seen as an educational process
Clients learn
To identify the interplay of their thoughts, feelings and behaviorsTo identify and dispute irrational beliefs that are maintained by self-indoctrinationTo replace ineffective ways of thinking with effective and rational cognitionsTo stop absolutistic thinking, blaming, and repeating false beliefsTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (2)Slide4
View of Human Nature
We are born with
a potential for both rational and irrational thinking
We have the biological and cultural tendency to think crookedly and to needlessly disturb ourselvesWe learn and invent disturbing beliefs and keep ourselves disturbed through our self-talkWe have the capacity to change our cognitive, emotive, and behavioral processesTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (3)Slide5
The A-B-C Theory of Personality
A
activating
event
B
belief
D
disputing intervention
E
effective philosophy
F
New feeling
C
consequence
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (4)Slide6
Irrational Ideas
Irrational ideas lead to
self-defeating behavior
Some examples:“I must have love or approval from all the significant people in my life.”“I must perform important tasks competently and perfectly.”“If I don’t get what I want, it’s terrible, and I can’t stand it.”Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (5)Slide7
Application of CBT to Group Counseling
Tailored for specific diagnoses such as
anxiety
, panic, eating disorders and phobiasTreatments are standardized and based on empirical evidenceUse of homework allows lessons learned in group to generalize to the client’s daily environmentHelp members gain awareness of how their self-defeating thoughts influence what they feel and how they behaveHeavy emphasis on psychoeducation and prevention of symptomsTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (6)Slide8
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy (CT)
Insight-focused therapy
Emphasizes changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs
Theoretical AssumptionsPeople’s internal communication is accessible to introspectionClients’ beliefs have highly personal meaningsThese meanings can be discovered by the client rather than being taught or interpreted by the therapistTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (7)Slide9
Theory, Goals & Principles of CT
Basic theory:
To understand the nature of an emotional episode or disturbance it is essential to focus on the cognitive content of an individual’s reaction to the upsetting event or stream of thoughts
Goals:To change the way clients think by using their automatic thoughts to reach the core schemata and begin to introduce the idea of schema restructuringPrinciples:Automatic thoughts: personalized notions that are triggered by particular stimuli that lead to emotional responsesTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (8)Slide10
CT’s Cognitive Distortions
Arbitrary inferences
Selective abstraction
OvergeneralizationMagnification and minimizationPersonalizationLabeling and mislabelingPolarized thinkingTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (9)Slide11
Beck’s Cognitive Triad
Pattern that triggers depression
Clients hold negative views of themselves
“I am a lousy person”Selective AbstractionClient interprets life events through a negative filter“The world is a negative place where bad things are bound to happen to me”Client holds a gloomy vision of the future“The world is bleak and it isn’t going to improve”
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (10)Slide12
Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behavior Modification (CBM)
Focus:
Client’s self-verbalizations or self-statements
Premise:As a prerequisite to behavior change, clients must notice how they think, feel, and behave, and what impact they have on othersBasic assumption:Distressing emotions are typically the result of maladaptive thoughtsTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (11)Slide13
Meichenbaum’s CBM
Self-instructional therapy focus:
Trains clients to modify the instructions they give to themselves so that they can cope
Emphasis is on acquiring practical coping skillsCognitive structure: The organizing aspect of thinking, which seems to monitor and direct the choice of thoughtsThe “executive processor,” which “holds the blueprints of thinking” that determine when to continue, interrupt, or change thinkingTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (12)Slide14
Behavior Change & Coping (CBM)
3 Phases of Behavior Change
1. Self-observation
2. Starting a new internal dialogue3. Learning new skillsCoping skills programs– Stress inoculation training (3 phase model)1. The conceptual phase2. Skills acquisition and rehearsal phase3. Application and follow-through phase
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (13)Slide15
Limitations of Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Extensive training is required to practice CBT
Therapist may misuse power by imposing their ideas of what constitutes “rational” thinking on a client
Therapists must take special care to encourage clients to act rationally within the framework their own value system and cultural contextThe strong confrontational style of Ellis’ REBT may overwhelm some clientsSome clinicians think CBT interventions overlook the value of exploring a client’s past experiencesTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 10 (14)