Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on - PowerPoint Presentation

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Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 5Topic: 10.2 Neuron StructureEssential Question: None.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

10.2 Neuron Structure

Number your notebook pages 1-80

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Final Group Project Review5 minutesReturn to Mrs. M

Get Textbook

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Cell body

Dendrites

axon

Myelin

sheath

(covering)

Axon

terminals

NEURON

Action

potential

Neurotransmitters

Synapse

(gap between neurons)

nucleus

Schwann Cells

4

5

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Cell body

Dendrites

axon

Myelin

sheath

(covering)

Axon

terminals

Action

potential

(nerve impulse)

Neurotransmitters

Synapse

Nucleus

Schwann Cells

Nodes of Ranvier

Draw and Label on pg. 4-5.

Make

a “picture bubble map”

explaining the

function of each part of a

neuron (p.356-361)

NEURON

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Cell body

Dendrites

axon

Myelin

sheath

(covering)

Axon

terminals

Action

potential

(nerve impulse)

Neurotransmitters

Synapse

Nucleus

Schwann Cells

Nodes of Ranvier

Get out your homework for signature

NEURON

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6

All Neurons are made up of 4 main parts:

Dendrites

A cell body

NucleusAxon

Dendrites

Cell body

Nucleus

axon

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Dendrites

:

Usually highly branchedReceive messages from other cells and provide receptive surfaces for communication

Have tiny thorn like spines on their surface which provide the contact points for other neurons

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Cell body

:The cells life support centerContains:Cytoplasm

MitochondriaLysosomesGolgi Apparatus

MicrotublesNeurofibrils: A network of fine threads that extends into the axons and supports themNissl bodies: consist mainly of rough endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.)Nucleus with nucleolus

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Axon

:Specialized to conduct nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, and glands Only one axon per neuronSlender and cylindrical

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Axon

:Myelin sheath- is a layer surrounding the axon that increases the speed of transmissionsSchwann cells: found only in the PNS, encase the larger axons of peripheral neuronsGaps between Schwann cells are nodes of Ranvier (Ron-vee-ā)

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Dendrites receive

action

potential (nerve impulse) from nearby neuron to be sent to next neuron

Action Potential

: Electrical impulse that carries messages down the axon

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Neurotransmitters

Axon terminals

: the enlarged endings of a neuron, by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells (muscle/glands)

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Synapse

Synapse

: Gaps between

neurons that allow signals to be sent from neuron to neuron

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Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

:

Chemical signals

released by neurons. Carry information from neuron to neuron.

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15

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How Synapses Work 3m15s16

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NEURON

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NEURON

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NEURON

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NEURON

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NEURON

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NEURON

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NEURON

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NEURON

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Dendrites of next neuron

NEURON

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Dendrites of next neuron

NEURON

Synapse (gap)

Axon terminal

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27Nerves: Bundles of axons

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28Neurons and Neurotransmitters 5m35s

Add info to picture bubble map

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29A Closer Look at Neurons 4m49s

Add info to picture bubble map

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Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 7Topic: 10.2 Three Types of NeuronsEssential Question: None.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

10.2 Three Types of Neurons

Then turn to p. 4/5 for

signature

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There are 3 types of neurons:

Sensory neurons Interneurons

Motor neurons

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Three Neuron Functions

:Some carry impulses into the brain or spinal cord

Others conduct impulses from neuron to neuron within the brain and spinal cordOthers carry impulses out of the brain or spinal cord

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Three Types of Neurons 1m59s33

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1.

Sensory Neurons

:Located in PNSThe

dendrites of these neurons act as sensory receptorsMost are unipolar, some bipolarFunction: They gather information and carry impulses TO the brain and spinal cord

Outside:

Light

&

Sound

Intensities

Inside:

Temperature

Oxygen Levels

pH Levels

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35Sensory Neurons 2m59s

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2)Interneurons

:Located in CNSMultipolar

Function: Receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within

the brain and spinal cordDirect incoming sensory impulses to appropriate regions for processing and interpreting

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3)Motor neurons

: Located in the PNSPass

messages from the CNS to the other tissues in the

bodyMultipolarFunction: Carry nerve impulses OUT of the brain or spinal cord to effectors (muscles and glands)

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38Motor Neurons 59s

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39

2. ________________

3. ______________

4. _____________

1._______________

5._____________

Key: Motor Neurons Effectors Receptors Sensory Neurons Interneurons

Answer on p. 7

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40

2. Sensory Neurons

3. Interneurons

4. Motor Neurons

1. Receptors

5. Effectors

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41Stimuli and Neurons 4m 16s

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Give a real life example (Tell a story)

Draw a picture for each

42

Types of Neurons Picture

TREE MAP

Sensory Neurons

Interneurons

Motor Neurons

1.

The phone rings

. The sensory neurons in your

ear

gather the

sound

information and send it to the CNS

2. Your brain interprets this information and identifies the

sound as the phone ringing

. This info is sent to the motor neurons

3. The motor neurons send nerve impulses to your

muscles which allow you to answer the phone

Function

Location

Function

Location

Function

Location

P.6

As short as possible

As short as possible

As short as possible

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Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 9Topic: 10.2 Classification of neurons and neuroglial cells

Essential Question: None.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

10.2 Classification of Neurons and

neuroglial

cells

Then turn to p.

6

for

signature

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Classification of Neurons and Neuroglial Cells

Neurons based on structure

….(361-2/Table 10.1/online)

Bipolar NeuronsUnipolar NeuronsMultipolar NeuronsNeuroglial Cells in CNS (p.364-6/Table 10.2/online)4. Astrocytes5. Oligodendrocytes6

.

Microglia

7

.

Ependyma

Neuroglial Cells in PNS

(364/Table 10.2/online

)

8.

Satellite Cells

9

.

Schwann Cells

Title

Illustration

FunctionLocationCNS/PNS

Specific location?Structural CharacteristicsShape# of processesOther important information

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Neuron Gallery Walk45We will go on a gallery walk to gather our notes

3 mins each (30 mins)

Use your books to fill in any missing information

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1.

Bipolar neurons:Only 2 processesOne is an axon/ one is a dendriteLocation: Found in PNS sensory neuronsEyes, nose, ears

Function

: They gather information and carry impulses into the brain and spinal cord

Classification of Neurons – Structural Differences

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2.

Unipolar neurons

:1 process extending from its cell body

Divides into two branchesOne branch enters the brain or spinal cordLocation: Found in PNS sensory neuronsGather in specialized masses of nerve tissue called ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord

Function

: They gather information and carry impulses

into

the brain and spinal cord

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3.

Multipolar Neurons

:Many processes

One is an axon, the rest dendrites Location: Found within the CNS

Function

: They transmit nerve impulses between neurons

within

the brain and spinal cord

AND conduct nerve impulses

out of

the brain and spinal cord to muscles or glands

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Schwann Cells

:Location: PNSFunction: Produce myelin that wrap tightly around the axons of peripheral neurons and Speed up neurotransmissionsTypes of Neuroglial Cellsin the PNS

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2.

Satellite Cells:Small cuboidal cells that surround clusters of neuron cell bodies called ganglia Function: Support ganglia in the PNS

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Astrocytes

: Star shapedAbundant (many) processesLocation: Found in CNS between neurons and blood vesselsFunctions:Provide support & hold structures togetherRespond to injury of brain tissue and form scar tissue

Transports substances between blood vessels and neuronsCommunicate with one another, and with neurons

Aide in metabolism of certain substances (glucose)Regulate the concentrations of important ions (potassium)Types of Neuroglial (Neu-rag-lial)Cells in the CNS

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2.

Oligodendrocytes: (Ollie-go-dendro-cytes)Fewer processes than AstrocytesOccur in rows along myelated axonsMay provide myelin for many axons at one timeFunctions:

Form myelin sheaths within the brain and spinal cordProduce nerve growth factors

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3

. Microglia: (My-crog-lia)SmallHave very few processesScattered through the CNSFunctions:Support neurons

Phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris (immune protection)Multiply whenever the brain or spinal cord is inflamed due to injury or disease

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4.

Ependyma: (Eh-pen-di-ma)Cuboidal or columnar in shapeFound in the inner lining of the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cordFunction:They form a porous layer through which substances diffuse freely between the interstitial fluid of the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles

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Crash Course: Nervous System Part I 9m36s57