Project support from US Department of State Western Hemisphere Affairs Energy amp Climate Partnership of the Americas ECPA Dana Kirk PhD PE Michigan State University Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering ID: 1035658
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1. Small-Scale Solar-Biopower Generation For Rural Central AmericaProject support from:US Department of State, Western Hemisphere Affairs Energy & Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA)Dana Kirk, Ph.D., P.E.Michigan State UniversityBiosystems and Agricultural Engineeringkirkdana@anr.msu.edu
2. Project Partners
3. PI – Ajit Srivastava, MSU BAECo PI – Wei Liao, MSU BAECo PI – Dawn Reinhold, MSU BAEEducational coordinator – Luke Reese, MSU BAE Project manager – Dana Kirk, MSU BAEFrancisco Aguilar – UCR AEDaniel Baudrit – UCR AEAlberto Miranda – UCR AELorena Lorio – UCR Micro Lidieth Uribe – UCR MicroCore Project Team
4. Optimize local thermophilic anaerobic microbial consortiaImplement a solar-biopower generation systemEvaluate the technical and economic performanceEstablish an outreach program in Central AmericaProject Objectives
5. Facts of solar energyFrom: http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/solar.htmlAdvantagesTheoretical: 1.76 x 105 TW striking Earth, Practical: 600 TWIt is the cleanest energy source on the Earth.Solar energy reaching the earth is abundant.DisadvantagesSun does not shine consistently.Solar energy is a diffuse source.It is difficult to collect, covert, and store solar energy.Central America5
6. Facts of Biogas Energy from WastesAdvantagesA biological process Reducing greenhouse gas emissionEnhancing nutrient managementCompletely Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)Anaerobic Sequence Batch Reactor (ASBR)Plug-flow digesterDisadvantagesLow efficiency of organic matter degradation Difficulty of power generation for small-medium operations6
7. Agricultural residues available in Costa Rica7ResiduesTotal amount (metric ton dry matter per year)Current treatment practices2006Projection 2012 Cattle manure 1,530,000 1,679,900Only 20% of producers treat wastes, dried and compostedSwine manure 95,000 110,0000.68% for production of energy and rest in agriculture, fertilizer (45.5%) food animal (53.1%) or other uses (0.7%).Banana residues158,000132,000Not used as energy source,100% discarded or composted organicCoffee residues (pulp) 251,000 (husk) 25,000 (pulp) 262,000(husk) 26,300 Pulp is used for composting, and husk is used for combustionSugarcane bagasse 1,290,000 1,518,20095.3% dried and used as combustion, 4.7% non energetic Pineapple residues 6,351,000 8,452,000Combusted and soil improvementMore than 600 MW electricity per year could be potentially generated from this amount of waste streams through anaerobic digestion technology.
8. Integrating wastes utilization with solar and biological technologies will create a novel self-sustainable clean energy generations system for small-medium scale operationsFertilizersReduced GHGAnimal ManureOther Organic WastesBioenergySolar EnergyAnaerobicDigestionPost-treatmentClean WaterSolar-biopower concept
9. 9Benefits of system integrationOvercome the disadvantages of individual technologies Unsteady energy flow for solar power generationLow efficiency of mesophilic anaerobic digestion on degradation of organic matterHigher energy requirement of thermophilic aerobic digestion Provide sufficient and stable energy for small-medium sized rural community Solar energy utilization Improved efficiency of anaerobic digestion on degradation of organic matterBiogas energy as chemical storage – steady energy flowSolar-biopower concept
10. 10Mass balancePredicted mass balance for the integrated solar-bio system on 1,000 kg of mixed sludge and food wastesGenerating 66 kWh electricity per day Producing 5 gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) renewable fuel per dayThe calculation of mass balance was based on the expected results that will be achieved by this project. A kg COD destroyed produces 350 L methane gas.
11. Solar-biopower system11Post-treatmentSolar unitPower unitBioreactor
12. Construction siteSolar Bio-Reactor SiteFabio Baudrit Experiment Station
13. 16 – 2 m2 flat-plate solar collector with support22 m3 anaerobic digester 50 m3 gas bag2 – 10 kW electric generators 4 – 144 m2 wetland/sand filter cellsMajor system componentsSolar Bio-ReactorSand Filter / Wetland
14. Solar thermal systemSolar collectors, hot water tank (white), & hot water storage (green)
15. Anaerobic digesterOfficial ribbon (digester in background clad in tin)Poly tank anaerobic digesterField engineering
16. Feedstock & digestate handlingFeedstock grinder, auger & mix tank (pump not shown)Digestate solid-liquid separator
17. Biogas storageBiogas samplingGas bag, foam interceptor, & scrubberFull gas bag, May 2, 2013
18. Sand filter 1Vertical wetland (sand filter 2)Surface wetland 1Surface wetland 2Sand filter & wetlands
19. Feedstock:Beef manure (950+ kg/d)Food wasteChicken litter (20 kg/d) Temperature:Currently 45oC±2oCTarget 50oC±1oCBiogas production: ≈20 m3/dBiogas quality: 60+% CH4Volatile solids destruction: 39% to 44%Solar-biopower system performance
20. Original waste streamThe effluent from solar-bioreactorThe water from the 1st cell of post-treatmentThe water from the 2nd cell of post-treatmentOrganic wasteReclaimed waterAnaerobic digesterSand filter No. 1Sand filter No. 2May 2013Water reclamation
21. Pilot systemBiogas production at 70% of goalBiogas quality and solids destruction have achieved goalsInstall biogas flow meterConnect electrical generators to the experiment station powerBegin sand filter/wetland researchBioenergy support lab at UCR – capable of carrying out BMP’s and other analysisUtilization of local manufacturing – coffee equipment & solar panelsStudy abroad “Ecological Engineering in the Tropics” completed in December of 2012Outcomes to date
22. Finalize microbial consortia papersContinue to operate pilot system until Sept. 2014Operate portable unit at second location – wastewater or food processorComplete economic and policy evaluation2013 study abroad planned for DecemberExpand bioenergy capabilities to address commercial needsNext steps
23. August 13, 2013 – MSU Waste to Resource Field DayHighlights:South Campus Anaerobic Digester (500 kW from 130 cows)Research digester, compost facility, student organic farm, recycling center, power plant, ADRECFor more information go to :http://events.anr.msu.edu/adrec/October 15 to 17 – Anaerobic Digester Operator Training (East Lansing, MI)HighlightsSystem commissioningMaintaining biological healthSafetyOperational troubleshootingFor information contact kirkdana@anr.msu.eduOther announcements
24. Questions?Dana M Kirk, Ph.D., P.E.Biosystems and Agricultural EngineeringAnaerobic Digestion Research and Education CenterE: kirkdana@anr.msu.eduP: 517.432.6530