PPT-Entropy, Enthalpy and Spontaneous Reactions

Spontaneous Reaction A reaction that occurs without outside intervention Once it occurs it can be fast or slow It can go to completion Recall the three products produced Precipitate table F gas or water. is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements under standard conditions. . Enthalpy Change of reaction . is the enthalpy change that accompanies a chemical reaction in molar quantities expressed in a chemical equation. . MEANING OF THE TERM? . CLUE. WHAT 8 LETTER WORD INDICATES THE CONDITION OF THE CLASS IN THE ABSENCE OF THE TEACHER. ENTROPY. DISORDER . DENOTED BY S. IS A MEASURE OF DISORDER OF A SYSTEM. IT CAN BE ZERO AT ZERO KELVIN AND THIS ASSUMES A PERFECTLY ORDERED CRYSTAL. Entropy (S), . Ethalpy. (H) and Gibbs Free Energy (G). What do we know about chemical reactions?. We can write chemical reactions and show how atoms and molecules come together to form products. . We can determine the energy change in a chemical reaction . calorimetry Enthalpy changes in reactions Calorimetry and heat measurement Hess’s Law Heats of formation Learning objectives • Describe the standard state for thermodynamic functions &# Thermodynamics:. “The laws of thermodynamics describe the essential role of energy and explain and predict the direction of changes in matter. Basic concepts in Big Idea #5. Law of conservation of energy. REACTIONS. Energy in Reactions. Some chemical reactions . release. heat to the surroundings. These are called . EXO. THERMIC. reactions. Heat . EXITS. the reaction. Some chemical reactions . absorb. Enthalpy . is a state function . (the pathway does not matter) with . the symbol . H. ..  . H . = E . P V. E . is the internal energy of the system, P is the pressure of the system, and V is the volume of the system.. Thermodynamic Control of Reactions. Enthalpy. Bond Energies. Forming stronger. bonds favors. reactions.. Molecules with. strong bonds are. more stable.. Entropy. Randomness. Reactions that. Chapter 19 Free Energy and Thermodynamics Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous A goal of thermodynamics is to predict the spontaneity of a process Spontaneous process- occurs without ongoing outside intervention Chapter 19 Free Energy and Thermodynamics Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous A goal of thermodynamics is to predict the spontaneity of a process Spontaneous process- occurs without ongoing outside intervention Why do chemical reactions happen?. Topic . 15: Energetics (. 8. . hours). 15.1 . Standard enthalpy changes of reaction. 15.1.1 . Define and apply the terms standard state, standard enthalpy change of formation (¬H ) f. Enthalpy . is a state function . (the pathway does not matter) with . the symbol . H. ..  . H . = E + . P V. E . is the internal energy of the system, P is the pressure of the system, and V is the volume of the system.. Enzymes. Back when we discussed proteins, we learned that one critical function of protein was to speed up chemical reactions.. Enzymes. are the proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions. 9 weeks. Spontaneity, Entropy and Free Energy. Chapter 17. Equation Sheet. Entropy. Spontaneous or thermodynamically favored (or sometimes just favored) means a reaction happens. The . common . characteristic .