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Falsication and the Methodology of Scientic Resea rch Falsication and the Methodology of Scientic Resea rch

Falsication and the Methodology of Scientic Resea rch - PDF document

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Falsication and the Methodology of Scientic Resea rch - PPT Presentation

SCIENCE REAS N R RELIGI N For centuries knowledge meant proven knowledgeprov en either by the power of the intellect or by the evidence of the senses Wisdom and intellectual int egrity demanded that one must desist from unproven utterances and minim ID: 87257

SCIENCE REAS

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&' !(  )\r *+ \n* \r    \n  * \n \n\n ) ,\r\n   ) \n ; \n ) \n \n   \n 3\n+ \n  \n(4  \n  \n\n \n\r\n  ) \n  \n   7  )" + (\n+  )(\r\n  \n   ) \n  \n + (\n(  )(\n  \n\n\n 7 \n  \n  \n3\n4"   "\n   \n  \n\n\n # \n \n! \n \n      \n 7 \n  3 \r !"4   \n\n  7 \n   )3 \r# !"4#)    \n\n  %  \n\n   )  ="\n  ) \n  \n  \r +3\n )4\n  \n(   \n   3\n "  \n   \n   4# \n   ) \n    ) \n  )\n\n  \n$% \n\n   \n\n1   3,4$% 7 \n  \n   "  \n\r "   " \n  \n"\n\n"$&3/4$%7  \n   \n$'   "  \n  \n \n 3   \n\n  \n\n4 \n  \n$&3:4 \n\n 7 \n  \n$% \n\n\n -@.     \n \n """"@  $  \n  \n7   \n3\n\n     \n \n4 \n  \n\n \n\n\n  \n\n" \n   \n     \n  \n  \n        \n \n   \r\r \r\r \n\r  \r\r \r\r!\r " \n  \n7 \n  \n  \n"   "   \n\n"  \n7        \n \n   \n \n   \n\r \r\r \n\r \n\r \r\r!\r " \n\n  7 \n    \n\n\n\n "   " \n   \n   \n\n \n\n\r \r"  \n  \r\r  \n  \n \n " \r\r\n\r \n  \n   \r"\n   +  )(\n    \n \n % \n " \r(\r"  + \n  )(0\n     \n\n   \n "  \n   \n \n    \n  \n\n\n   \n   + )(     \n \n\n\n \n  #  \n \n  \n     \n  \n\r\n)'  \r'\r\r)\r* \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n  \n\n 7     \n" \n\n;\n  1 3  )4\r* \n \n"\n\n; \n  1 3 4\r\n\r\r \n" \n  \n  \n  "  )+\r\n \r* \n\r \r\n \n \n\r  \r* \n\r  \n   ) \n      \n\n\n \n  \r\r \n \n\n\n \n \r\r \r\r&\n  \n  \r' \n  \n \n   \n  )\n  ) \n  +  )( \n\n\n\r \n  \n # 1\n\n \n\n    \n \n    \n  E \n\n  \n \n      \n\n $ \r \r   \n  \r\n\r\r   \r \r \r\r \n\n\r,#  \n\n \n\n\n ) \n    \r "    +  \n  ) \n"\n \n \n   \n7   \n)  \n"   ) \n \n    \n"2  (,F    +      \n \n    \n  ",\r," \n     (,,5\n  \n ) \n "\n\r*\r\r\n'\r*\r\r\n \r'!\r \n \r\r\n\r#! \r #\r\r \n  \r \n\r \n\r   \n,$ \r\r\n  \n!\r\r \r\r\r\r\n\r !\r\r \r,,/*       \n ) \n   %  \n \nG " \n\n  "\n  * "\n\n " ) \n \n \n  \n "\n  \n\n \n    "  ) \n \n  \n  \n   "   \n \n  \n " \n+  (" \n   \n \n  \n\r ) \n    \n    \r",:6\n\n" \n\n  \n \n  ) \n$ \n\n  \r +\n 1(#  \n\n7\n\n\n    ) \n "   1 \n\n \n\n  \n  \n7 ;  \n  \n\n \n\n ) \n # +\n (  \n\n     \n7        (\n (   \n    1\n\n " \n)   +\n  \nH \n\n\n   \n  \n    \n \n3      \n    \n7    \n4#  \n     \n\r\r \r\n\r"\n  \r*\r\r\n"\n!  \n  \n \n\n \n  \n  "  \n \n  \n,�#    ) \n   \n\r \r\n; \n"7 \n \n\n1   \n  \n\n  7 \n \n \n\n\n I ) \n +\n)(  \n \n% ) \n   + (  %\n  \n\n\n ) \n     \n\n\n   \n 7 \n \n \n %     \n \n\n    \n  \n   \n  \n\n  \r*\r#\r\n\n \n\r ,?# \n  \n      \n\n-*\r \r'\r*\r ! \n,+\r ) \n(   \n ) \n 3\n\n\n \n 4 \n .\r\n\n \n\n  ) \n  \n \n\n\n \n\n    )3   " 4  \n,A&\n + ) \n(   \n\r\r \n ) \n  \n    \n \n  \n \n  \n    +  \n (\n \n +  \n ( & ) \n   \n \n "      \n \n\n\n  \n   %    \n  \n\n \n ,B   !\r   \n  \n+\n (   \n   +  \n(\n 1  \n  \n\n\n \n\n ,1 #\n\n   \n \n\n \n   \n 7 \n\n #  \n     \n\n\r \n \r\r \n\n  \n \n   \n ) \n \r\n  ) \n  \n  \n 7 \n \n\n \n % \n \n\n \n +\n \n ( \n  \n  \n  %,C\n  \n \n\n \n  \n \n \n  \n\r\n  \n   ) \n \n \n\n \n \n      \n + (3\n  \n \n   \n8  \n\n)4,D  ) \n    + \n \r \n    \n("/F \n   ) \n     \n \n\n    \n\r 1) \n\n +\n  \n  \n \n  \n("/,   ) \n\n    \n(-   &' (- .'- -  "  \n  810\n\n \n   \n  8  \n2  \n ) \n " \n   \n\n\n  )\n " \r\n \n \n  ) \n * 8 \n     ) \n     \n ) \n 8\n2  \n  0\n \n"7  \n\n  \n \n\n  \n\n \n \n   \n \n\n9"50\n"   \n \n    \n \n    \n\n \n9"  \n\n \n5"\n1  \n\n \n0\n//*    ( \n \n7     \n1  \n\n \n8/\n \n"\r \r\r \n!\r\n'!\n  \r,/:\r\n "8( \n \n"\n "\n    \n " +\n(\n  \n    \n\n   \n \n+  (+5  (  \n\n\n %  \n \n #+( "\n    \n#\n \n  \n \n \n'\n   \n  #    \n \n \n \n    \n       #  \n  \n #\n    # \n; # \n \n"\r\r\n\r\n \n ' \n \r! ,# \n\n\n \n\n  \n \n\n\n \n    8=\n+ \n\n (\n\n \n\n2 ) \n \r\n"2 ) \n    \n \n \n\n \n  \n2 ) \n   \n \n #\n \n       ) \n \n"   \n \n   "2 ) \n + \n \n  \n\n(" \n  \n"  \n \n "\n \n1 #  \n 2 ) \n 712 ) \n  \n    \n \n\n \n   \n     \n\n  \n     )6"   7)\n    =  \n \n& \n  "0\n\n "\n12 ) \n    &\n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n2 ) \n  \n \n"\n  "\n0\n( \n\n \n    ) \n \r  "  ) \n \n ) \n   \n \n  #\n \n\n \n    \n   %  \n\n  \n "  \n \n"  )6/�5 \n \n  \n 0\n+\n 1 (\n \n*  8 \n\n    \n \n  \n      \n  )5\n  \n\n \n \n \n\n%  \n\n       \n \n \n  \n\n \n * 8\n\n\n0\n(  \n   ) \n   \n  0\n  \n\n  \n " \r !\r\n \n'  \r\n\r!\r !\r#  '   \n\n \n2   \n  \n     \n\n \n      \n   G  \n 8(    /? (,#\n \n\n \n \n \n+\n  ( J\n5\r\n  \n\n  \n  \n  \n" \n -,DAC./#\n \n\n \n \n \n+  \n   (0\n8\r\n  \n1\n  \n  \n  \n"6 -,DAD."6 -,DAD. \n -,DBF.: \n  -,DA/.  +\n 11 \n(\n  )\n *       \n8\n   \n0\n8\n \n  \n     \n  \n\n "\n  \n\n  \n \n\n \n 7 \n  \n\n+  ( \n #   ) \n       \n \n 8\n    \n*8\n    \n \n\n   \n 1 "   \n2 ) \n  \n\n    \n\n\n    \n \n \n* ( "8\n( 3\n0\n( 4  \n  * "\n  "   \n \n  \n \n \n � + \n(     +\n  \n(?0  \r \r  \n \r\r \r \n\r \n \r(\r\n\r \n \r\r\r\n\r\r"1'-,DAC.":B?KDFA\n+  ("+=   (  \n\n "  \n \n  \n\n     +  (\n1+1! \n (\n   \n\n =\n\r  \n\n\n   \n\n \nB#\n  1\n  +\n  (\n  \n \n   \n\n $ \n\n    \n \n\n\n   + \n  ( \n    \n  \n "  \n \n    \n  \n \nC" \n  \n-,DAC.\n += \n \n 7 \n\n\n \n \n7 7 \n\n% \r\r\r'  \n\r' \r\n\r\r\r\n  \n  \r\r\r\n2\r\n3& \r\r\r'\r   ' \n\r* \n \r(3:CA4 \n   !\n    \n\n \n \n   \n \n\n   \nD0\n( \n \n\n+ \n (+  \n \n ( \n    \n \n   ) \n \n \n  9 \n   \n \n \n \n  +67 -  \n\n  \n \n \n\nL \nM.  ("    "+67 -  \n2 \n\n  \n \n )7\n   " \n \n \r\r ! .  (350\n-,DA:.4 E\n "  \n \n    \n "  \n +  )(   \n  \n" \n \n!     \n \n   \n \n \n\n \n 7 \n  \n\n ,F0\n-,D�?."\n"/::0\n( \n \n         +\n  \n $ \r   7 (3! ,  4,,0\n-,D:�."  \n:F,/+\n   "\n \n   "\n \n\n  (30\n-,D?D."CB"\n\n \n ,4* " \n  \n " \nE" \r  +#    \n \n  \n    \n(3-,DA?."//B49\n    \r  +   $   \n \n \n  \n(3! ,/?�4* \n1 \n\n \r \n  \n \r\n \r \n \n! \r\r \n \n\n \n \r\r  \r,,:5-,DAC.":CB;,�  \n \n\n ) \n " \n \n \n "   \n #\n \n\n      ; \n \n \r\n "\n  \n  \n\n *   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n6\n\n"$   \n  \n      \n \n    \n" +\n(\n  \n +(\n ,?  \r   \n ! \r \n\r \r\r \n\n,,A      \n7 \n\n\n \n  \n\n  \n$%\n $% '\n   \n  \n\n   \n  5\n\n\n \n   \n\n  \n  \n  #    \n \n  \n\n& \n(  \n\n\n' ( " \n' (  \n  \n\n& \n( + ( \n \n  +$  \n) \n(  \n+$1    \n) \n(35-,DAC.":C�KA4,B50\n-,D:�."  \nC?"/BD\n ,D?D'    \n,C       \n\r \n  \r\r \n \n  \n ) \n   ) \n + \n- \n \n.   G  G ;  \n \n;(30\n-,D�F.4\r\n " \n   *     \n$%"\n    " \n\n $)    ;    \n\n  \n\n   \n  \n   \n\n\n+7  $ ("  ) +  ( \n   \n$%3\n" "\n 4 )+ -. \n\n \n)\n  \n \n ) (30\n-,DA:."/�A4*  \n\n  \n \n  \r\n      "\n    )" )     )    \n  %  \n$% \n   ,D= \n\r-,DA?."/?�K?/F0\n-,D?D."CB"\n\n \n ,/,0\n-,D:�."  \n:F//   -,DAC."/C,/:8-,DA?.*   \n  \n   -,DA/./� "2   \n712 ) \n  \n   \n " \n\n \n71 ) \n  \n\r\n   \n  #   7)\r-,DBF./?"  \n"\n\r  \r\r   " !\r\n\r   \n!(\r\r'    "\r\n\n \n"#  \n\r  "4   8+N  1  (\n \n \n\n( 0\n   3\n   8( \r(    \n \n  \n!(\r\r\n  \n +\n  (\n \n \n  \n  \n    \n "\n\n\n\n  *  1\r " \n"\n    \n  \n  \n \n" \n \n\n\n 1  \n#   \n   \n \n\n\n ) \n %\n "\n  \n     \n        \n  1\r \r\n     \n0\n2 \n 4\r-,DA?.+J \n5  ("5\n  \n 3 4\n \r\n \r  \r\n\r""//:KA,\r-,DBF.+= 6 \n("5\n\n\r  \r \r  \r\n\r"�",DBF8-,DA/.$ \r\r\r\n\r\n",DA/8-,DA?.+\n\nO \n\n0 \n\n\nJ (" \n  \r \n\r \r",DBF",K/: \n -,DAC.+5  0\n\n \n(" \n 34$ \r!\r/\n \r6,DAC":,?K�,B \n -,DAC.+5   6 \n\n\n\n )J 0\n ("\r\r \n \r+\r \n\r"AD",�DKCA \n -,DBF.$ \r \n\n6\r\n7\r",DBF6 -,DAD./\r\n \n\r \r"0O#  "P  \n\n\n",DAD6 -,DAD.J\nQ( +08\n=' 5\n \nO \n \n("$ \r 8\n  \r  \r\n\r"/F"D/K�0\n-,D:�.61 \r0 \n",D:?37'  \n0\n-,D?D.40\n-,D�F.+   O R(5\n "&�D"�F:K/A% 0\n-,DA:.":,/K:?0\n-,D?D.$ \r6\r\n7\r",D?D0\n-,D?D.+#  L19\n M\n 5\n  \n9\n   (" 8\n  \r  \r\n\r",F"?F0\n-,DA:.\n(\r\r \n \r \n",DA:   -,DAC.+9"50\n(" \n 34$ \r!\r/\n \r6",DAC"/B,KC/