Mechanism of formation and implications for fluid injection operations Viktoriya Yarushina 1 Ludovic Räss 2 Nina Simon 1 Yuri Podladchikov 2 1 Institute for Energy Technology ID: 238119
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Slide1
Fluid conducting chimneys: Mechanism of formation and implications for fluid injection operations
Viktoriya Yarushina
(1)
Ludovic Räss
(2)
, Nina Simon
(1)
, Yuri Podladchikov
(2)
(1)
Institute for Energy Technology,
Kjeller
, Norway
(2)
University of Lausanne, SwitzerlandSlide2
Seismic
chimneys: flow localization
Plaza-Faverola et al., EPSL, 2011
Chimney features from the
Nyegga
area on the mid-Norwegian margin (pockmarks & seismic).
Seismic
chimneys
represent
preferrential
flow
pathwaysSlide3
In some cases chimneys are linked to nearly circular sea-floor craters (pockmarks) at the top and overpressured reservoir regions at the bottom
Løseth et al, Marine and Petroleum
Geology
, 2011
Seismic
chimneys
:
flow
localizationSlide4
Occurence of seismic chimneys
Norway
Seismic chimney are quite common features observed at sub-seabed sediments on continental margins. They were found offshore Norway, Nigeria, Namibia, in the Adriatic Sea, Gulf of MexicoSlide5
Occurence of seismic chimneysNorway
Seismic chimney are quite common features observed at sub-seabed sediments on continental margins. They were found offshore Norway, Nigeria, Namibia, in the Adriatic Sea, Gulf of MexicoSlide6
Chadwick & Noy, 2013
Seismic
chimneys: (1) when did they form? (2) potential leakage pathways?
CO2 plum profile at SleipnerSlide7
Man-made chimneys
Seafloor crater (40m wide and 7m deep) at the
Tordis Field in the Norwegian North-Sea. Accidental escape of waste water during a 5,5 months injection experiment.
Løseth et al, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2011Slide8
Force balance
Mass balance
Rheology:
Darcy’s law
Modeling
of
flow
localization
in
porous
rocks
poroelastoplastic
viscous
Yarushina & Podladchikov, JGR, 2015Slide9
Räss et al., Energy Procedia, 2014
Chimney formation due to flow instabilitySlide10
Chimney formation due to flow instabilitySlide11
Formation and evolution of high-permeability regions traveling upwards in unconsolidated sandstone (upper panel) and shale (lower panel)
Räss et al., Energy Procedia, 2014
Characteristic scales of chimney formation120 m/year0.8 m/
yearSlide12
Effective pressure, porosity and equivalent shear
stress during fluid
focusingSlide13
Flow localization under combined pressure and shear loading
1D
crossection
of 3D channel
p
f
≈0.7p
totSlide14
ConclusionsThere is evidence for fast and focused fluid transport associated with human activitiesNew
model
provides a mechanism of the formation of self-propagating high porosity channelsHigh porosity channels is a natural outcome of coupled porous flow and visco(-elastoplastic) deformation of the rock Fast CO2 migration at Sleipner can be explained by the formation of high porosity and permeability channels due to porosity waves