Trafficking 101 Celia Williamson PhD University of Toledo 4195304084 Celiawilliamsonutoledoedu Human Trafficking Second largest criminal industry in the world and the fastest growing Modern day slavery in which men women and children are bought and sold for sexual or labor purposes ID: 300029
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Human" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Human Trafficking 101
Celia Williamson, Ph.D.
University of Toledo
419-530-4084
Celia.williamson@utoledo.eduSlide2
Human Trafficking
Second largest criminal industry in the world and the fastest growing
Modern day slavery in which men, women, and children are bought and sold for sexual or labor purposes.Slide3
Human Trafficking in the U.S.
Victims may be U.S. citizens, Legal Permanent Residents, or Foreign Born.
The largest group of trafficking victims in the United States is now thought to be children who are U.S. citizens or legal permanent residents. Slide4
Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA)
“Severe Forms” of human trafficking are:
(a)
sex
trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; or
(b) the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for
labor
or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purposes of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.
1Slide5
Number of Victims
12.3 slaves worldwide
Approximately 600,000 to 800,000 victims annually are trafficked across international borders worldwide
Between 14,500 and 17,500 of those victims are trafficked into the U.S. (U.S. Department of State).
Domestically between 100,000 to 300,000 children are runaways in the U.S. and are at risk of being trafficked.
100,000 domestic minors are trafficked into the sex trade each year in the U.S.Slide6
International Victims (Foreign Nationals)Slide7
In OhioEstimated 783 foreign victims of labor or sex trafficking any given yearMassage parlorsNail salonsFood buffets/Restaurants
Small industrial companies
Agricultural workSlide8
International Trafficking Recruitment Countries
Destination Countries
Bi-Directional CountriesSlide9
Debt-Bondage SystemTrafficking victim must pay his/her traffickers back for travel, room and board, hygiene and other personal items etc...
Amount to be repaid is set by the traffickers.Slide10
Trafficking Networks: Lose Connections
Organized Crime Networks e.g. Japanese Yakuza, Russia Mafia etc..
Mom and Pop Shops
Legitimate businessesTraffickers, Recruiters, Groomers, Connectors, etc.. Slide11
International Victims
Do not speak English & are unfamiliar with U.S. culture
Confined to a room or small space to work, eat, sleep
Fear, distrust health providers, government, police (fear of being deported)
Unaware that what is being done to them is a crime (do not consider themselves victims and blame themselves for their situation)Slide12
International Victim’s MindsetMay develop loyalties & positive feelings toward their trafficker as a coping mechanism (May try to protect their trafficker)
Sometimes victims do not know where they are because traffickers frequently move them to escape detection
Fear for safety of family in home countrySlide13
Feelings associated with being a victim of international trafficking
Helplessness
Shame
HumiliationDenialCultural shock from finding themselves in a strange countrySlide14
Identifying an International Victim
Difficulty communicating because of language or cultural barriers?
Accompanied by another person who seems controlling?
Have identification? Does person accompanying potential victim insist on hold pertinent documents? Detect physical abuse?
Seem submissive or fearful?Slide15
Communicating with Victims of Trafficking
Before questioning potential trafficking victim:
Isolate individual from person accompanying her/him without raising suspicion (may be a trafficker posing as a spouse or friend)
Enlist trusted translator
Ask questions in safe, confidential, trusting environment
Limit number of staff that come in contact with victim
Indirectly and sensitively probe to determine if person is a trafficking victim (the term ‘trafficking victim’ will have no meaningSlide16
Questions to be Asked:Can you leave your work or job situation if you want?
When you are not working, can you come and go as you please?
Have you been threatened with harm if you try to quit?
Has anyone threatened your family?Slide17
Questions to be Asked:What are your working or living conditions like?
Where do you sleep and eat?
Do you have to ask permission to eat, sleep or go to the bathroom?
Is there a lock on your door or windows so you cannot get out?Slide18
Gain the victim’s trust“We are here to help you”
“Our first priority is your safety”
“If you have been brought here against your will to work, you will not be deported”
“We will give you the medical care that you need”“You will receive the assistance that you need to be safe and rebuild your life”Slide19
Services for International Victims
Federal Rescue and Restore Campaign – Trafficking is known as “Modern Day Slavery”
Victims who agree to testify against their trafficker will receive a - T-Visa – and not be deported
Victims will receive Social Services and Resources
Call the National Rescue and Restore Hotline at 1-888-3737-888Slide20
Domestic Victims
(U.S. Citizens trafficked in the U.S.)Slide21
In Ohio3,016 Ohio youth at risk1,078 domestic minors in the sex tradeSlide22
Domestic Victims
Includes victims who are adults or children
Trafficked for the purposes of labor or sex Slide23
Child Sex Trafficking Victims
Any person under the age of 18 and involved in a commercial sex act where someone else is economically benefiting off the child.
Occurs
when children are kidnapped, coerced, forced, manipulated, or appear to have entered the sex industry by
choice
Includes:
Street-level prostitution
Strip Clubs / Private Dancing
Massage or Escort Services
Convention Centers / Sporting Events
Tourist Destinations
Moved to apartments
Truck StopsSlide24
Child Sex Trafficking Demographics
Average age of recruitment is between 12-14 years of age nationally.
15-16
in Ohio
Recruited from inner cities, suburbs, and small towns (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children)
Approached 48 hours to 2 weeks
Vulnerability is the common denominator across trafficked youth. Slide25
Pimp Control/Traffickers
Pimps are masters at identifying the vulnerabilities of a specific child and exploit them.
Once seduced, pimps use physical and psychological torture and control
Tactics lead to complete obedience and a breakdown of personal autonomy.
Pimps use the increased glamorization of pimp/ho culture, as well as cultural acceptance of demand for child victims, to help maintain control of the child.Slide26
Who Helps to Recruit Victims?
Other underage girls
Young boys
Adult women Slide27
Where are Victims Recruited?
Hang out Spots
Friends/Family Houses
Malls
Court Houses/Juvenile Centers
Corner Stores
Schools Slide28
Why is it hard to identify victims?
Physically and/or psychologically controlled by pimps
Trained by pimps to tell lies and false stories
Victims’ distrust of service providers & law enforcement
Frequently moved from place to place
Traffickers issue victims fake I.D.sSlide29
Possible Identifiers
Hotel room keys
Numerous school absences
False ID’s and lying about
age
Having large amounts of cash, jewelry, new clothes
Recurrent STI’s/STD’s and/or need for pregnancy tests
Signs of physical assault including: branding or tattooing, broken bones, black eyes,
etcSlide30
Inappropriate Responses
“Child Prostitutes Sell Themselves on Craigslist”
“
Sacramento police have nabbed nearly 70 underage girls for child prostitution since 2005.”
www.cnn.com/2008/crime/06/27/child.prostitution/index.htmlSlide31
Tattoos of Girls Under Pimp Control
Donna M. Hughes Professor & Carlson Endowed Chair University of Rhode Island , Citizens Against TraffickingSlide32
C Child Abuse/Neglect
H Homelessness
I Influential Others
L Loving someone much
older
D Difficulty making friends
R Runaway
E Education
S Sexual Assault
C Court Appearances
U Using Drugs/Alcohol
E Emotional Abuse
Immediate Assessment
Rescue
ChildSlide33
Immediate Intervention
D Detect the presence of high risk factors
using
RESCUE CHILD
I Intervene by detaining child long enough to
respond
V Value the child y recognizing his/her
strengths
& ability to survive thus far
E Educate child about trafficking & your
responsibility
to report
R Report to Child Protection & Police
T Trafficking Hotline 888-3737-888
Rescue
Slide34
Program & Services
A-B-C-D
A Complete
an “Assessment” to understand needs
B
Get
“Buy in” from the youth
C
Provide
Intensive “Case Management”
D
Engage
youth in “Diversion Programming” that
involves
trauma treatment and rooted in trauma
informed
care.Slide35
BUYER WHO PURCHASE SEX
Blue (far left) represents those involved in prostitution in Ohio, Red (middle column) represents those victims of sex trafficking involved through manipulation, and Green (far right) represents victims involved by force. Slide36
Safe Harbor Law2012Slide37
Toledo Blade - May 27, 2012 - Customers from the suburbs of Toledo arrested for buying sex. Two were 44 years old, one 59, and one 72 years old. One was a member of the Toledo Opera Guild, one was a business man, one was a lawyer, and one was a builder. The two women, age 18 and 28 were sellers.Slide38Slide39Slide40