/
Matter and Materials Matter and Materials

Matter and Materials - PowerPoint Presentation

myesha-ticknor
myesha-ticknor . @myesha-ticknor
Follow
423 views
Uploaded On 2017-07-14

Matter and Materials - PPT Presentation

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space Ex air plastic wood water cloth Matter has 2 kinds of properties 1 Physical oxygen is a gas at room temperature water ID: 569884

water energy substance matter energy water matter substance chemical change measure density weight volume mass wood particles object substances

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Matter and Materials" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Matter and Materials

Matter

is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Ex: air, plastic, wood, water, cloth…

Matter has 2 kinds of properties:

1.

Physical

oxygen is a gas at room temperature; water

freezes at 0 degrees Celsius; sugar dissolves in water.

2.

Chemical

the substance chemically change.

Ex: oxygen reacts with iron to form rust; wood fuels a fire,

producing heat, gases and ash.Slide2

A

substance

is a single kind of matter. Ex: salt, sugar, baking soda… Not substances: flour, milk, eggs and fruit.Slide3

Elements

are pure substances that cannot be broken down into any other substance. Ex: H – hydrogen, C – carbon, N – nitrogen, Au – gold An atom is the basic particle from which all elements are made.When atoms combine they form a chemical bond, and they are called molecules.

Water MoleculeSlide4

Compounds

A compound

is a pure substance made of 2 or more elements.Ex: Water (H20), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) are compounds. A mixture is made of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined.Ex: soil – a mixture of sand, clay and bits of decaying plants.

A mixture can be: 1. Homogeneous -evenly distributed

(Ex. Dissolved sugar in water - solution). 2.

Heterogeneous – not evenly distributed (Ex. Soil, sand in water)Slide5

Separating mixtures

Using a magnet to separate iron filings from a mixture.Slide6

Using

of filters to separate solid particles in water.Slide7

Distillation used to separate liquid solutions. Ex. Separation of

salt from water

What products are produced through distillation?

Alcohol, distilled water and gasoline.Slide8

Measuring matter

Weight

– a measure of the force of gravity on you.Mass – a measure of the amount of matter in an object. The unit of measure for weight is Newton (N). The Unit of measure for mass is Kilogram (kg)

The stronger is the gravity the more is your weight. On Earth the gravity force is 9.8 N for each kg.

Exercise 1:

What is your weight in Newtons?

Exercise 2: What is your weight on the moon, if you know that

the gravity force is 6 times less than on Earth? Slide9

Volume

– the amount of space that matter occupies. (cm³)

Volume = Length x Width x HeightDensity – relates the mass of a material in a given volume. (g/cm³) Exercise: What is the volume of a brick if its length is 20 cm,

height is 10 cm and its width is 6 cm? Exercise: A small block of wood floats in water. It has a mass

of 200 g and a volume of 250 cm³. What is the density of the wood?Slide10

The density of water is 1 g/cm³. The objects that have densities greater than water will sink in water, but the objects with lesser density will float.

From the diagram, which substance has the greatest density?

Honey

From the diagram, which substance has the

least density?

Vegetable oilSlide11

Changes in Matter

A substance can undergo

physical and chemical changes.A physical change does not produce a new substance. Ex. Water changes into ice when frozen or water vapor if boiled, but it is the same substance. A chemical change produce a new substance.

Ex. If methane (CH₄) burns it changes into 2 substances: CO₂ and H₂O. CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO

₂ + 2H₂O Examples of chemical changes:

combustion, electrolysis, oxidation,

tarnishing. Slide12

Thermal Energy

Thermal Energy

is the total energy of all particles in an object. It flows from warmer matter to cooler matter. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of particles in matter. When ice melts it is an endothermic change- absorbs heat

Combustion (fire) is exothermic change- releases heat. Slide13

Forms of Energy

Kinetic Energy

– is the energy of matter in motion. Ex. In bowling the bowling bowl has kinetic energy which knocks down bowling pins. 2. Potential Energy – is the energy an object has because of its position. Ex. The higher an object is the

more gravitational potential energy it has; a stretched rubber band has elastic potential energy. 3. Chemical Energy

– stored energy in chemical bonds. Ex. This energy is transformed into thermal energy during chemical reactions.Slide14

4.

Electromagnetic Energy

– rays from the sun, radio waves, microwave waves, X-rays are examples of electromagnetic energy,5. Electrical Energy – is the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another.Energy can change from one form into another.