Sylvia Hurtado and Tanya Figueroa Higher Education Research Institute UCLA Women of Color Faculty in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics STEM Experiences in Academia AERA 2013 San Francisco CA ID: 762762
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Sylvia Hurtado and Tanya FigueroaHigher Education Research Institute, UCLA Women of Color Faculty in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM): Experiences in Academia*AERA 2013San Francisco, CA * in press (proceedings of National Academy of Sciences: Prepared for Seeking Solutions: Maximizing American Talent by Advancing Women of Color in Academia ). June 2012, Washington, DC.
A Word about IntersectionalityWomen of color face a “double bind” for having two identities that are especially undervalued in STEM contexts The intersection of both gender and race is reflected in women of color’s unique perceptions of the workplace in academia The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of underrepresented women of color in academia. We compare URM women with STEM colleagues in terms of sources of stress, workload demands, and satisfaction.
Data Source HERI Faculty Survey, administered triennially 2010 Individual institutional administration 2010 STEM Supplement-NSF sponsored 2007 98 Institutions added to augment sampleSample: 673 four-year colleges and universities 11, 039 STEM faculty (unweighted) 272 Women of Color in STEM2013 Faculty Survey: www.heri.ucla.edu
Sample: Rank, Race and Gender in STEM SampleProfessorAssociateAssistantLecturer/ InstructorURM Women 272 (2.5%) 16.2% 24.6% 31.3% 23.5% Asian Women258 (2.3%)18.6%29.5%30.2%15.1%White Women3,857 (34.9%)22.5%28.8%29.6%14.4%URM Men374 (3.4%)28.6%27.8%21.9%16.3%Asian Men565 (5.1%)30.8%24.1%28.8%6.5%White Men5,713 (51.8%)41.8%26.3%17.8%8.6%
Top 10 Sources of Stress Comparisons URM Females86.4 Lack of personal time 82.4 Self-imposed high expectations 79.0 Managing household duties69.9 Working w underprepared students 66.0 Institutional budget cuts65.8 Personal finances 61.8 Research or publishing demands 61.0 Institutional 'red tape' 61.0 Teaching load58.5 Students White Males Lower on: Lack of personal time Self-imposed high expectations Managing household duties Institutional ‘red tape’ (Higher) White FemalesStudents (Higher)URM MalesLower on: Lack of personal timeManaging household duties
Note: Significant male/female differences within group** p=<.01; * < .05.
Workloads for STEM Tenure Track Faculty (5+ hrs/wk on respective task) Advising Counseling Students White URM Asian Male 38.5* 42.7 43.2 Female43.648.544.3Committee Work or MeetingsMale36.1**38.632.3**Female43.848.540.8Research and Scholarly WritingMale59.8*66.2**73.3*Female44.949.560.2Note: Significant differences with URM females, **= p<.01; *=p<.05.
Work Environment My Research is Valued by Faculty in My DepartmentWhite URMAsian Male 79.3 ** 77.0 83.3 ** Female72.769.777.6I Have to Work Harder Than My Colleagues to be Perceived as a Legitimate Scholar Male52.4**60.1**74Female66.6*79.180.9Note: Significant comparisons with URM females; **=p <.01; *=p<.05.
Conclusion and ImplicationsURM women share many of the same experiences as other women in STEM but also have unique sources of stress, as well as lower satisfaction and respect. Salary equity studies, professional development support & dept. support for advancement.Assessment challenge: Severe underrepresentation makes the data difficult to collect because of their vulnerablity/identification.How to use information to change dept. climate, navigating political issues.