Catching the Cheaters 8 th Annual FTA Drug and Alcohol Program National Conference Presented by Lorri Smith CSAPA April 2013 PURPOSE Recognize the need for awareness Identify common ways used to circumvent testing ID: 237491
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Slide1
You Can’t Fool Us!Catching the Cheaters
8th Annual FTA Drug and Alcohol ProgramNational ConferencePresented by: Lorri Smith, C-SAPAApril 2013Slide2
PURPOSE
Recognize the need for awareness Identify common ways used to circumvent testingLearn how to avoid opportunities for cheating Understand the role of those who have a stake in the programKnow how you
impact
the integrity of the testing programSlide3
SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM
November 2007, GAO reports "DOT’s drug testing program is vulnerable to manipulation by drug users, especially given the wide availability of products designed to beat drug tests” (GAO-08-225T)“How to Pass a Drug Test” - 3/12 - 559,000,000 hits on “Bing”Buy clean urine for drug test – 3/12 - 60,800,000 hits on “Bing”
- Some offer “double your money back”!Slide4
GAO UNDERCOVER RESULTSSlide5
PREVENTING CHEATING“Whose job is it anyway?”
SupervisorDAPM/DERJerry PowersCollectorDOTDonorEmployer
Medical Review Officer
Laboratory
FTA Auditors
Employees/Peers
Breath Alcohol Technician
DHHS
???????Slide6
THE ANSWER
IT’S A TEAM EFFORTSlide7
ACTION – 8/08
Mandatory Validity Testing on all DOT specimens institutedDOT changed procedures for performing collections under direct observation to include raising & lowering of clothing by the donor in cases of temperature out of range, suspicion of tampering, or when directed by the MRO Slide8
ACTION – 4/09
Direct Observation required on all DOT Return-to-Duty and Follow-Up testsSlide9Slide10
ACTION
DOT’s 10 Steps to Collection Site Security and Integrity http://www.dot.gov/odapc/video.htmlSlide11Slide12
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ACTION
Various state laws on defrauding a drug test are more prevalent: New Jersey, Florida, Kentucky Louisiana, Texas North Carolina, Virginia, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Nebraska, Arkansas, Illinois, Maryland, Oklahoma Drug Testing Integrity Act of 2011 H.R. 707 - February 15, 2011 Slide14
United States Attorney Robert S. Cessar announced, April 8, 2010: The owners of a California company that sold products to help people cheat on drug tests
were sentenced today in federal court in Pittsburgh on their convictions for conspiracy to defraud the United States in connection with its duty to drug test employees and conspiracy to sell drug paraphernalia.From the FBI Website Pittsburgh Division ACTION Slide15
Gerald Wills, a resident of San Pedro, California, was sentenced to six months in prison followed by three years supervised release. Robert Dennis Catalano, a resident of Huntington Beach, California, received a sentence of three years’ probation. Puck Technology, Inc., a corporation of Signal Hill, California, received a sentence of forfeiture of all its assets and dissolution.
United States District Judge David Cercone imposed the sentences on Gerald W. Wills, age 67, of San Pedro, California; Robert Dennis Catalano, age 65, of Huntington Beach, California; and Puck Technology, Inc., a national Internet business located in Signal Hill, California.From the FBI Website Pittsburgh Division ACTION Slide16
METHODS TO AVOID DETECTION
Stop using (abstention) or switchAdd fluid to the specimen or ingest large amounts of fluid (dilution)Bring in another person’s urine (substitution)Add chemicals to the urine (adulteration
)Slide17
ABSTENTION
Stop using prior to the test Switch to a different drug that is not part of the testing panelPre-employment tests most vulnerable Slide18Slide19
ADVICE FROM THE WEB
“For best results, “abstain” for a minimum of 48 hours before the test. Of course, the longer you wait, the better your chances are.”www.drug-test-facts.com/dilution-tipsSlide20
HOW TO BEAT THIS CHEAT?Limit time between notification and the test
Incorporate a company policy (where permitted by state law) to test for additional drugsProbationary testing or testing after offer but prior to performance of safety sensitive dutiesSlide21
DILUTION (HYDRATION)
Most popular method“Water-loading”, “Flushing”, “Detoxing”Use of diuretics, Lasix, vitaminsMust urinate frequently before providing sample (cause of shy bladder?) Adding water to the sample Slide22
PRODUCTS USEDSlide23Slide24
DILUTE SPECIMEN
“A urine specimen with creatinine and specific gravity values that are lower than expected for human urine.” Creatinine is >2 and <20 mg/dL AND the Specific Gravity is > 1.0010 and <1.003 (***Creatinine is
>
2 and
< 5mg/dL, requires notification from the MRO that another collection must take place immediately under direct observation)
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DILUTE SAMPLES (40.197)
Do you have a policy?Employer must establish policy associated with dilutes (b)(2)(ii)May require employee to take a second test (b)(2) Must be observed if MRO directs employer (b)(1)Give employee as little notice as possible 2nd dilute sample result is acceptable If employee declines constitutes refusalSlide26
HOW TO BEAT THIS CHEAT?
Limit time between notification and the testMonitor arrival time at clinic Audit your collection site’s shy bladder procedures and collection site security for securing water sourcesImplement retesting for dilute samplesDiscuss with your MRO or TPA how dilute samples are reportedSlide27
ADULTERATION Adulteration
“A urine specimen that has been altered, as evidenced by test results showing either a substance that is not a normal constituent for that type of specimen or showing an abnormal concentration of an endogenous substance.”Slide28
OXIDIZING ADULTERANT“A substance that acts alone or in combination with other substances to oxidize drugs or drug metabolites to prevent the detection of the drug or drug metabolites, or affects the reagents in either the initial or confirmatory drug test” Slide29
COMMON ADULTERANTS
Nitrites (Klear, Whizzies)Glutaralderhyde (UrinAid, Clear)BleachPyridinium Chlorochromates PCC (UrineLuck)Hydrogen PeroxidePeroxidase (Stealth)Mary Jane SuperClean 13 (soap)VisineSlide30Slide31
INVALID TEST
“The MRO called me and said that the test on my employee was invalid. What does that mean?” Slide32
HOW TO BEAT THIS CHEAT?
Limit the time between notification and the testEnsure your collection site: is secure of products that could be used as adulterants checks the restroom before and after each test has employee empty pockets, etc. Discuss with your MRO/lab procedures for identifying adulterants Slide33
SUBSTITUTION
“A urine specimen with creatinine and specific gravity values that are so diminished or so divergent that they are not consistent with normal human urine.” Creatinine is < 2 mg/dL AND Specific Gravity is <
1.0010 or
>
1.0200
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DESPERATE
PEOPLE DO
DESPERATE
THINGSSlide35Slide36Slide37
37Slide38Slide39
SYNTHETIC URINESlide40
CHEATERS GET CREATIVE…
asdfsadf
Cane
Binoculars
Books
Cell Phone Flask
BooksSlide41
FROM THE WEB9.1.1 Concealed container:
Simply conceal the urine. The first time you're alone with the container they give you, dump in your concealed urine. Be sure you can quietly open the container; the lab personnel may be just outside the door listening. You may be required to change into a gown. If so, a condom or douche bag holding the sample and taped around the thigh can be concealed under the gown. Slide42
9.1.1 Concealed Container – CONT
You can also run a plastic line from a flexible container and tape it to your urination equipment (to be gender neutral), and even piss under supervision. Females have been known to keep a condom with the urine sample in the vagina, and prick it with a sharp fingernail to p#$% under supervision. Be sure to keep the sample between 91 and 97 degrees.Slide43
HOW TO BEAT THIS CHEAT?
Limit time between notification and the testMonitor arrival time at collection siteReview your clinic’s procedures for checking the temperature of samples and directly observed collectionsIf feasible, escort the employee to the collection site Perform on-site collectionsSlide44
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Man who got shot to avoid drug test
Microwaving urine, blew up
Leaves in Urine
Man positive due to bedbugs
Man who faked heart attack
DESPERATE PEOPLESlide45
HOW TO ENSURE INTEGRITY OF YOUR PROGRAM
Adhere to the rulesCollection site auditFTA conference sessionFTA checklists on websiteCommunication with the MRO/TPAEstablish and enforce procedures Trust but verify
Follow your instinct
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REFERENCE MATERIALS
DOT 49 CFR Part 40
(revised effective 10/1/2010)
DOT Urine Specimen Collection Guidelines
(revised effective 10/1/2010)
DOT Agency Rules (e.g., Part 655 for FTA)
DOT video – Collection Site Security & Integrity
FTA conference sessions Slide47
THANK YOU!Please feel free to take a closer look
at the items on the display tableI will be available for questions after the session or at lsmith@integritytesting.net