Dr Vivek Kr Singh Assistant Professor Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex UNIT3 Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by polyuria polyphagia ID: 916152
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Slide1
Diabetese Mellitus(Hypoinsulinism)
Dr. Vivek Kr. Singh Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Complex
UNIT-3
Slide2“Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder, characterized by
polyuria, polyphagia, loss of body condition and development of cataract”
Slide3EtiologyDeficiency of insulin
Insulin deficiency
Absolute insulin deficiency
Destruction of
β
- cells
(Due to certain viruses, Immune-mediated destruction, Pancreatitis )
Type-I / Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
Relative insulin deficiency
Due to development of insulin resistance
Type-II/Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Slide4Diabetes is more common in middle-aged dogs of 4-14 years (Highest at 7-9 yrs)
Females are more affected compared to malesPoodles, Daschunds, Terrier and Beagle breeds are more susceptible
Slide5Pathogenesis
Glucose utilization is insulin dependent Insulin deficiency HyperglycemiaBlood glucose crosses renal threshold (175-220mg/dl)
Glycosuria
Glycosuria creates osmotic diuresis
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Cellular hypoglycaemia
Stimulation of satiety centre Gluconeogenesis
Polyphagia
Accumulation of
Mobilization of Fat depots
Ketone bodies
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Cachexia
Slide6Clinical FindingsPolyuria
Loss of body condition in spite of good appetiteWeaknessLethargyRecurrent episodes of skin infectionCyctitisBilateral cataractKetotic breath
Slide7DiagnosisAge of the animal and
symptomsGlycosuria (Benedict’s test)Repeated value of fasting blood glucose 150mg/dl and above
Glucose tolerance test
Slide8TreatmentDiabetes mellitus is complex disease to treat as it is a multi-organ affecting
problemThe primary goal of diabetes treatment is maintenance of patient’s blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible i.e. 100 mg/dlDiet modification and insulin supplementationInsulin can be given
@ 0.25 U/kg bwt twice daily
oral hypoglycemic agents used in veterinary practice worldwide are Sulfonylureas
, Bigunide
and
Thiazolidinedione
Slide9Thank You