ADS-B for NH Wing - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

ADS-B for NH Wing

Lt Col G. Skip Guild

28 April 2016Slide2

Key TermsNextGenADS-B

ADS-B OUT and ADS-B IN

ADS- B transponder options

1090ES and 978 (UAT)ADS-B IN termsFIS-B and TIS-BCAP ImplementationSlide3

NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation System

Transforms America’s air traffic control system from an aging, ground-based system to a satellite-based system

The goals of NextGen are to

Shorten routesSave time and fuelReduce traffic delays

Increase capacity

Increase safety

World peace, free beer …Slide4

NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation System

NextGen has 6 major Programs –

NextGen

CATMT

Data Com

NVS

ADS-B

Weather

SWIM

only one of them is ADS-BSlide5

ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast

Automatic

: it works in the background - no pilot or operator involvement required.

Dependent: depends on other aircraft being equipped

Surveillance

it’s a technology to track aircraft

Broadcast

because it transmits

the information available to

anyone with the appropriate receiving equipment.Slide6

ADS-B IN and

OUTSlide7

ADS-B 1090 vs 978 MHz

CAPSlide8

ADS-B OUT

Aircraft 3D location, velocity, altitude, ID and other data broadcast continuously

once per second

with no pilot or operator involvement required. No radar interrogation required, unlike raw radar, and secondary radar (Mode C and Mode S) within radar coverage once every 5-12 seconds.Transmitted by aircraft on either 1080ES

or

978 MHz frequencies but not both.

1080ES (normal frequency for Mode A/C/S transponders but adds “extended squitter” data) will be required above 18,000

ft

MSL over U.S. land mass. Not

required most places outside the U.S.978 MHz (an unused DME frequency) supported only within the U.S.Slide9

1 January 2020 ADS-B OUT Mandate

All aircraft flying within defined airspace boundaries are required to equip with transponders that

transmit

on one of two frequencies1090ES (“Extended Squitter” data packages transmitted on 1090 MHz)

or

UAT (Universal Access Terminals) with same data packages transmitted on 978 MHz)

The airspace boundaries where ADS-B OUT is required are defined in the mandate and illustrated on the next slide.Slide10

1 Jan 2020 ADS-B

OUT

MandateSlide11

ADS-B OUT Required (Local New Hampshire)(Class A, B, C & E (>10K) Airspace)Slide12

ADS-B IN

Equipage is

Optional

Provides operators of

properly equipped

aircraft with data for

location data (ADS-B Out directly from other aircraft)

*

weather (FIS-B) 978 MHz only and

retransmitted traffic position (TIS-B) information.Severe limitation imposed by FAA to encourage ADS-B OUT implementation* Both 978 and 1080 MHz for CAP with dual frequency receiversSlide13

ADS-B IN

Receives

ADS-B OUT track data

directly from aircraft transmitting on the

same frequency

.

Receives

FIS-B

and

TIS-B (discussed next) from FAA via 650 ground stations around the U.S. only on 978 MHz to provide to the graphical weather displays in the cockpit as well as text-based advisories, including Notices to Airmen and significant weather.Discussed in detail later.CAP is now equipping our aircraft with 1090ES transmitters with dual frequency ADS-B IN capability to receive the advantages of both data servicesSlide14

FIS-B Flight Information Services - Broadcast

Significant Meteorological Conditions (SIGMET) and Convective SIGMET

Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METARs)

Non-Routine Aviation Weather Reports (SPECIs)

Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) Distant and Flight Data Center

Terminal Area Forecasts (TAFs) and their amendments

NEXRAD (regional and CONUS) precipitation maps

Airmen's Meteorological Conditions (AIRMET)

Status of Special Use Airspace (SUA)

Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)Winds and Temperatures AloftPilot Reports (PIREPS)Slide15

FIS-B Flight Information Services - Broadcast

Discussion in the works to add additional no-cost features including

1 minute AWOS – uplinked every 10 minutes

Lightning

Turbulence

NOWcast

Icing NOWcast

Cloud TopsSlide16

TIS-B Traffic Information Service - Broadcast

Advisory-only service available to both 1090ES and UAT (978 MHz) equipment users. Provides traffic information on

most

transponder-based aircraft

within the vicinity of the ADS-B OUT

equipped aircraft receiving the data. (Examples later)

Secondary radar targets (Mode A/C/S) forwarded ONLY on 978 MHz channels for tracks detected by radar

Will continue to update the track if there is a

momentary loss of secondary and only the

primary return is available.Primary only tracks will not be forwarded byground stationsSlide17

Coverage Maps ADS-B (FIS-B & TIS-B) vs Radar

Aircraft-to-aircraft traffic reporting (same frequency) is completely

line of sight

anywhere, down low or high altitudeActual locations for 650 ADS-R antennae is no longer published on-line by the FAA but can be identified by symbols on ForeFlight (next screen)

FAA claims knowing where the antennae are located is of no value to the pilot

Only one antenna is located in New HampshireSlide18

ADS-R Antenna

Zoom in on iPad

Google Earth:

Fort

Mtn

East of ConcordSlide19

Calculated ADS-R Coverage (FIS-B & TIS-B)The next few slides will illustrate the coverage of current radar compared with the ADS-R for FIS-B and TIS-B from radar which includes forwarded ADS-B OUT tracks between 1090 and 978 using ADS-R (“retransmitted”) data from Ground StationsSlide20

500’ AGL Coverage - Radar

500’ AGL Coverage – ADS-RSlide21

1500’ AGL Coverage - Radar

1500’ AGL Coverage – ADS-RSlide22

3000’ AGL Coverage - Radar

3000’ AGL Coverage – ADS-RSlide23

CAP Dual Channel ImplementationCAP is implementing ADS-B on our least capable planes first, specifically those with

GPS-400W GPS units.

For NH Wing this would imply N9869C (C185-RG) and N99826 (C172Q) will be first.

MA Wing similar aircraft were updated with GDL 88 and separate

Flight Stream 210

GDL 88

Flight Stream 201Slide24

CAP Dual Channel ImplementationThe

GDL 88

provides 1080ES OUT and dual 978/1080 MHz ADS-B IN channels but does not provide an interface to iPad tablets.

Most implementations to non- or minimally-capable graphical displays on installed GPS units have no way to display ADS-B IN information with just the GDL 88.

CAP Added a

Flight Stream

110/210 box to exchange information between the GDL 88 and format it for use on iPads running either

ForeFlight

or

Garmin Pilot The “two-box” solution is already obsolete since Garmin now has a single box solution with the same features, the GTX 345Slide25

CAP Dual Channel Implementation

I suspect CAP will start installing the

GTX 345 ADS-B Transponder

replacing the plane’s existing Mode C transponder. This one box will provide 1090 ADS-B OUT1090/978 MHz ADS-B IN

, plus

Connext

™ link for dual-link ADS-B “In” traffic and subscription-free weather to

Garmin Pilot™

and

ForeFlight Mobile iPad apps as well as the aera® 795/796 portables plus backup attitude output for synthetic vision displaysSlide26

ADS-B IN Receive/Display

The following graphics will illustrate FAA imposed limitations on the NextGen ADS-B implementation

Good news is every

dual channel ADS-B IN equipped aircraftWill see all other ADS-B OUT equipped aircraft (both frequencies) within own aircraft line of sight with no ATC services required (e.g., including aircraft below and beyond radar coverage).

When within line of sight of any FAA ADS-B Ground Stations, will receive weather data (FIS-B)

Will receive forwarded tracks 978

 1090 through ground stations (not important to CAP dual receivers).

Will receive Mode A/C radar tracks

only

for tracks within ADS-B OUT “Hockey Puck” volumes created around each ADS-B OUT aircraft. Complicated topic which AOPA is fighting with FAA and NTSB.Slide27



3,500

ft

 30 NM

Ground Station

ADS-R Hockey Puck

Mode C

Mode C

1090 Out

Raw Radar

Raw Radar

978

Out

Mode A

Mode A

Non-Radar

1090

OutSlide28



3,500

ft

 30 NM

Ground Station

ADS-R Hockey Puck

Mode C

Mode C

1090 Out

Raw Radar

Raw Radar

Mode A

Mode A

Non-Radar

978

Out

1090

OutSlide29



3,500

ft

 30 NM

Ground Station

ADS-R Hockey Puck

Mode C

Mode C

1090 Out

Raw Radar

Raw Radar

Mode A

Mode A

978

Out

1090

Out

RadarSlide30



3,500

ft

 30 NM

Ground Station

ADS-R Hockey Puck

Mode C

Mode C

1090 Out

Raw Radar

Raw Radar

Mode A

Mode A

978

Out

1090

Out

RadarSlide31

Sample ForeFlight Screen Shots (STRATUX)The next few screens are screen shots I took using my “toy” STRATUS look-alike I won at the Portsmouth Safety Seminar

Single channel ADS-B IN (978 MHz) including received ADS-R from ground stations.

“Some assembly required”Slide32

Blue “jet” is my ADS-B Receiver

Altitude ~3,000

ft

, receiving from five antennae

Receiving all line of sight aircraft from

Aircraft transmitting on 978 MHz ADS-B,

TIS-B retransmitted tracks on 1090 MHz

Limited tracks from radar sites via TIS-B

Arrow shaped tracks have velocity data, diamond shaped tracks do not

Delta altitude shown above track (e.g., “+44” is track 4,400 feet above own altitude)Climbing / descending tracks (+/- 500 fpm) show vertical arrow to the right of the trackADS-B OUT tracks show call sign or tail number.Slide33

Can suppress distant tracksSlide34

Distant Weather

Tracks suppressed

Minimal geographic charts loaded

Gross weather displaySlide35

FIS-B “nearby” weather

Finer detailSlide36

Ground Traffic

Aircraft as well as ADS-B Equipped ground vehicles at Boston AirportSlide37

FAA – ADS-B Out Requirements and link to ADS-B Google Earth Map http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/equipadsb/airspace/

FAA – Terminology

http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/equipadsb/ins_and_outs/ ADS-B – As briefed by Sporty’s

(Doesn’t run well in Chrome)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pky9p85eCrg&t=48m35s

ADS-B Airspace – FAA Interactive Google Map

http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/equipadsb/airspace/