CHINA IS A COMMUNIST COUNTRY ALL FAMILIES IN CHINA ARE LIMITED TO ONE CHILD GENERALLY SPEAKING PARENTS HOPE TO HAVE BABY GIRLS NOT BOYS CHINAS OFFICAL RELIGION IS BUDDHISM MEN IN CHINA LOOKING TO GET MARRIED ARE VERY LUCKY BECAUSE THERE ARE A LOT MORE WOMEN SO THEY HAVE A GOOD CHANCE ID: 449753
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Slide1
GEOGRAPHICALLY SPEAKING, CHINA IS LARGER THAN THE UNITED STATES.Slide2
CHINA IS A COMMUNIST COUNTRY.Slide3
ALL FAMILIES IN CHINA ARE LIMITED TO ONE CHILD.Slide4
GENERALLY SPEAKING, PARENTS HOPE TO HAVE BABY GIRLS, NOT BOYS.Slide5
CHINA’S OFFICAL RELIGION IS BUDDHISM.Slide6
MEN IN CHINA LOOKING TO GET MARRIED ARE VERY LUCKY BECAUSE THERE ARE A LOT MORE WOMEN, SO THEY HAVE A GOOD CHANCE OF FINDING THE WOMAN OF THEIR DREAMS.Slide7
FOOD SUPPLY HAS BEEN A PROBLEM FOR CHINA THROUGHOUT ITS HISTORY.Slide8
MANY MODERN COUNTRIES GAINED THEIR INDEPENDENCE THROUGH REVOLUTION. CHINA’S REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE IN THE MID 1800S.Slide9
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA WAS BUILT TO KEEP UNHAPPY PEASANTS FROM LEAVING CHINA, WHICH WOULD HAVE RESULTED IN A LABOR SHORTAGE AND HUGE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. IN OTHER WORDS, THE WALL WAS BUILT TO KEEP PEOPLE
IN
, NOT
OUT
, JUST LIKE THE BERLIN WALL.Slide10Slide11
LEADERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY
workers
peasants
bourgeoisie
Patriotic capitalists
stars are evenly spread and all point back to the larger starSlide12
FATCS & FIGURES
CONTINENT?
- Asia
POPULATION?
- 1,330,044,605
GOV’T?
– Communist (capital is Beijing)
RELIGIONS?
– Taoist, Buddhist, Christian, Muslim
(officially atheist)
HOW OLD?
– Oldest civilization in the worldSlide13Slide14
GEOGRAPHY
WEST
Rugged, forbidding terrain
Himalayas close the SW part of the country
EAST
Borders the Pacific Ocean
Fertile river valleys and plains
Good place for life to flourish, unlike the westSlide15
MOUNTAINS
Mts. Cover 1/3 of the country, mostly in the westSlide16
RIVERS
3 main rivers drain the eastern basin:
Huang He
(Yellow River)
Chang Jiang
(Yangtze)
Xi Jiang Slide17
CLIMATE
Very diverse climate ranging from tropical in the south to subarctic in the north
Melting snow and monsoon seasons provide fertile farming areasSlide18
CHINESE NEW YEAR
Calendar dates back many centuries and is based on the moon and the sun
Calendar is cyclical (12 cycles, complete cycles are 60 years made of shorter cycles of 12 years)
Year can be named 3 ways:
Animal (rat, dragon, monkey…)
Traditional name (Wu
Zi
)
Number (2008 = 4705)Slide19
ANIMALS OF THE CALENDAR
RAT, OX, TIGER, RABBIT, DRAGON, SNAKE, HORSE, GOAT, MONKEY, ROOSTER, DOG, BOAR
2011
is the year of the
RABBITSlide20
List 3-5 adjectives that describe youSlide21
Write 3-5 sentences that describe you. Consider personality traits, health, morals, likes/dislikes, attitude about health, family and friends… Slide22
List 2-3 celebrities you would like to be
http://www.chineseastrology.com/wu/celebrity.html
http://tarot.com/chinese-astrology/gallery_Celebrity-Chinese-New-YearSlide23
DYNASTIES G.O.
ZHOU
How?
–
When?
–
Son of Heaven
– Slide24
ZHOU cont.
Agricultural System
–
Technological AdvancesSlide25
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?Slide26
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LIFE?
HOW DID WE GET HERE AND WHY ARE WE HERE?
WHAT IS HAPPINESS?
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT?
WHAT MORALS/VALUES SHOULD WE LIVE BY?Slide27
CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES
During the late Zhou period scholars sought solutions to problems:
Political breakdown
Social disorders
Efforts led to new philosophies that focused on
life in this world
how this life should be lived (not great emphasis on the afterlife)Slide28
BUDDHISM
DAOISMSlide29
CONFUCIANISM
KONGUZI
(Confucius)
Born in 551 B.C.
Taught that “social harmony” and “good
gov’t
” would return to China if people lived according to
ethics
– good conduct and moral judgment
Golden rule “Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you”Slide30
CONFUCIANISM cont.
5 RELATIONSHIPS
Confucius stressed the importance of moral behavior in 5 basic relationshipsSlide31
5 RELATIONSHIPS
1
RULER
&
SUBJECTSlide32
5 RELATIONSHIPS
2
Parent
&
ChildSlide33
5 RELATIONSHIPS
3
Husband
&
WifeSlide34
5 RELATIONSHIPS
4
Old
&
YoungSlide35
5 RELATIONSHIPS
5
Friend
&
FriendSlide36
CONFUCIANISM cont.
He cared most about family relationships and a child’s respect for parents (
filial piety
)
Died in 479 B.C.
Analects
– teachings were written down into this book
Greatly influenced Chinese society/politics until early 1900sSlide37
DAOISM
LAOZI
Lived in the 500s
b.c
.
Stressed living in harmony with nature
Followers believed people should give up worldly ambitions and turn to nature and the
daoSlide38
DAOISM cont.
Dao
– universal force that guides all the things
Focus on nature greatly emphasized Chinese artSlide39
DAOISM cont.
Yin and Yang
two opposing forces present in all nature (everything has both)
Yin
– cool, dark, female
Yang
– warm, light, maleSlide40
BUDDHISM
Entered China during the end of the Han dynasty
Emphasis on personal salvation and nirvana was appealing
Widely accepted by the 400s A.D.Slide41
SOCIETY & CULTURE
During the Han Dynasty the ideas of Confucius influenced all aspects of personal and social life
The family became most important aspect of Chinese societySlide42
FAMILY
Every member knew their place and role
Hierarchy
– organization based on separate levels of importanceSlide43
FAMILY ORGANIZATION
OLDEST MALE (father)
Oldest Son
Mother
Oldest daughterSlide44
FAMILY RULES
Very strict rules governed the family
Nobody wanted to bring shame on the family name
Expected to pay respect to dead ancestors (ancestor worship)Slide45Slide46
CHINA IN THE 1800’s
OPENED UP BY THE WESTSlide47
IMPERIALISM IN ASIA
Imperialism
– policy of building an empire
During the 1800s many European countries wanted control of Asian territory for
tradeSlide48Slide49Slide50Slide51
IMPERIALISM cont.
China had become weaker during the rule of the
Qing Dynasty
(1644-1912)
European powers (Great Britain, Spain, Portugal…) were trying to establish a
sphere of influence
– area where they had exclusive trading rights
This would eventually lead to the “opening up” of China and drastically changed the course of Chinese historySlide52
MAJOR EVENTS IN THE 1800s/EARLY 1900s
OPIUM WAR
BOXER REBELLION
REVOLUTION OF 1911Slide53
OPIUM WAR
British started using opium as cash payment for goods
1839 – Chinese
gov’t
tried to get them to stop, didn’t work
War broke out and the British easily wonSlide54
OPIUM WAR cont.
Treaty of Nanking
“Unequal treaty” that gave G.B.
Payment for war losses
Control of Hong Kong
Extraterritoriality
– right to live under their own laws and courtsSlide55Slide56
BOXER REBELLION
Anti-foreign feelings led to creation of secret societies (remove foreign influence)
Righteous and Harmonious Fists was one of them (Boxers)Slide57
BOXER REBELLION cont.
1900 – Boxers carried out attacks against foreigners and Chinese Christians
Western countries & Japan sent a combined force to end the uprisingSlide58Slide59
REVOLUTION OF 1911
After the Boxer Rebellion the last dynasty, Qing, struggled to hold onto power
Many Chinese believed the time had come to end the rule of dynasties in ChinaSlide60
REVOLUTION OF 1911 cont.
Leader was
Sun
Yat-sen
Goal was to modernize China based on 3 principles:
Nationalism
Democracy
Livelihood
1912
– Sun is named first president of the new Chinese Republic (end of dynasties)Slide61
CHINA’S DRIVE FOR MODERNIZATION
modernizationSlide62Slide63
CHINA’S DRIVE FOR MODERNIZATIONSlide64
TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA
1912
– Sun
Yat-Sen
becomes first president of new Republic of China
2 months later he is ousted by
Yuan
Shigai
(becomes a dictator)
Sun creates the
Guomindang
– nationalist party Slide65
TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA
1916
Yuan
Shigai
dies
China slips into chaos
Warlords
(local military leaders) divide the country amongst themselvesSlide66
TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA
1923
With the aid of the USSR &
Chiang Kai-shek
,
the
Guomindang
army grew in strengthSlide67
TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA
1926-1928
Chiang leads army to victory over warlords
Guomingdang
sets up a
gov’t
in Nanjing in 1928Slide68
RIVALRY WITH THE COMMUNISTS
Communists
- a group that originally supported Chiang but eventually tried to take over the
Guomindang
in 1927
Mao Zedong
– leader of the Communist Party (Red Army)Slide69
COMMUNISTS & PEASANTS
Communists gained support of peasants by overthrowing local landlords and giving land to peasantsSlide70
RED ARMYSlide71
THE LONG MARCH
1934
– Red Army was in danger of being crushed
went on a 6,000 mile (16 miles/day)
100,000 started, about 8,000 survived
unified/strengthened the RA
http://
users.erols.com/mwhite28/longmarc.htmSlide72
CHINESE CIVIL WAR
By 1949 Mao’s forces defeated Chiang’s Nationalist forces
Created the
People’s Republic of China
(Beijing)
Nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan (
Republic of China
– capital at Taipei)Slide73
BOOKLETS
Cover Pages
Title: China’s Drive
for Modernization
Name in lower right-hand corner
Page: Title (Year)
Picture of event(s) of that year
Written explanation of the eventsSlide74
TAIWANSlide75
HISTORY
Since
1949
both the Nationalists & Communists believe they rightfully control it
1988
– moved towards democracy as political parties were allowed to challenge the Nationalists
1997
– Lee
Teng-hui
won the first democratic presidential election
Future is
uncertainSlide76Slide77
CHINA AFTER MAO
Mao died in
1976
Deng Xiaoping
- became the new leaderSlide78
FOUR MODERNIZATOINS
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
S
C
I
E
N
C
E
DEFENSESlide79
TIANANMEN SQUARE
June 4, 1989
– 100,000 people in Beijing rallied for democracy
Troops/tanks sent in (thousands killed)
Damaged Chinese image abroadSlide80Slide81Slide82Slide83
HU JINTAO – PRESIDENT OF CHINA