Information From - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Information FromStricker, G. (2011). Psychotherapy integration. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Psychotherapy Integration Unit 2: Common FactorsSlide2

OutlineHistory of Psychotherapy IntegrationContemporary IntegrationSlide3

History of Psychotherapy & Theoretical IntegrationFreudStated “there are many ways and means of practicing psychotherapy. All that lead to recovery are good” (Freud, 1905/1953)

Identified common factors of client expectation and the central role of the therapist’s personality

French (1933)

Identified similarities between psychoanalysis and Pavlovian conditioning

His ideas were not well received at the timeSlide4

History of Psychotherapy & Theoretical IntegrationRosenzweig (1936)Pointed out commonalities in all psychotherapiesDodo bird effect – “Everyone has won”

Alexander & French (1946)

Corrective emotional experience

–the client re-experiences previously difficult relationships in the relationship with the counselor, and can experience those difficulties in new ways. This happens in all psychotherapies

Cyclical nature of insight leading to change and change leading to insight

These ideas were also not well received at the timeSlide5

History of Psychotherapy & Theoretical IntegrationDonnard & Miller (1950)Wrote about psychoanalytic concepts in learning termsBridged a gap between two previously very different theories

Considered somewhat controversial, and not well received by current communitySlide6

First Comprehensive Common Factors WorkFrank & Frank (1961)Identified many commonalities across a vast arrange of change processesCulturally comprehensive work

Initial list of common factors:

Expectancy for change

Arousal of hope

Emotional arousal

Encouragement of change outside of therapy

Encouragement of self-understanding through interpretations

Corrective emotional experiencesSlide7

Two Approaches to PsychotherapyLondon (1964) suggested that all kinds of psychotherapies could be grouped into one of two approachesAction-OrientedEncourage the client to take action to change behavior

Example: Behavior Therapy

Insight-Oriented

Seek to discuss matters of concern to promote understanding

Example: Psychoanalytic Approaches

Integration of these two approaches provides the most effective and longest lasting psychotherapeutic changeSlide8

Historical Types of IntegrationUnderstanding two theories by merging or translating the language of one into the language of the other (Dollard & Miller, 1950)Lazarus (1976) – Multimodal Therapy

An example of technical eclecticism

BASIC-ID

B

ehavior

A

ffect

S

ensation

Imagery

C

ognition

I

nterpersonal Functioning

D

rugs/BiologySlide9

Historical Types of IntegrationBeck (1979) – Cognitive Behavioral TherapyCombined aspects of cognitive therapy and behavioral therapyContemporary Era of Psychotherapy Integration

was marked by the publication of Wachtel’s (1977)

Psychoanalysis and Behavior TherapySlide10

Contemporary Era of Psychotherapy IntegrationWachtel - All change in every therapy was a cyclical processGroups & Resources for Psychotherapy Integration were created

Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration

Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration

Comprehensive Handbook of Psychotherapy IntegrationSlide11

Contemporary Era of Psychotherapy IntegrationClinicians and Researches started creating different approaches to integrating aspects of many psychotherapiesVarious types of integrated treatments have been developed

Transtheoretical approach – Levels of Change that apply to all psychotherapies

Dialectical Behavior Therapy – Integrates Eastern and Western approaches to therapy

Client Directed therapySlide12

Contemporary Approaches to IntegrationFour Approaches:Common FactorsTechnical IntegrationTheoretical Integration

Assimilative IntegrationSlide13

Common FactorsAspects of Psychotherapy that are present in all approaches to treatmentStudents -- (Refer to ongoing slides for The Heart and Soul of Change, which focuses on common factors)Slide14

Technical IntegrationMost simple form of integrationUse of techniques drawn from several different approachesAlso known as technical eclecticismSometimes seen as a “hodgepodge” of various techniques thrown together

Better when techniques are pulled together through a systematic basis for the combination of techniques

Techniques should compliment each other and be flexible to match different client needsSlide15

Theoretical IntegrationMost difficult type of integrationBlending of different approaches to psychotherapyShould produce a “grand unified theory” All contradictions between theories must be addressed

Examples:

Cyclical Psychodynamics

Cognitive-analytic therapy

Behavioral PsychotherapySlide16

Assimilative IntegrationMost recently developed approach to integrationA solid theoretical approach is already established and different techniques are integrated in from other theoriesRequires a theoretical meaning for each integrated technique

An example will be further explained next chapter