Steve Mandernach Bureau Chief Nancy Hall Environmental Microbiology Discussion Topics State Hygienic Laboratory Sample Plan Focus Area Design Phase Iowas Sampling Plan Behind the Scenes IDIA and SHL Perspectives ID: 459198
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Slide1
Iowa’s Sampling Plan: The Journey Explored
Steve Mandernach,Bureau Chief
Nancy Hall,Environmental MicrobiologySlide2
Discussion Topics
State Hygienic LaboratorySample Plan Focus AreaDesign PhaseIowa’s Sampling PlanBehind the Scenes: IDIA and SHL PerspectivesLessons Learned
Benefits: IDIA and SHL PerspectivesFood Inspector Microbiology WorkshopAcknowledgementsContact InformationSlide3
State of Iowa Hygienic Lab
Iowa’s Public Health and Environmental Laboratory affiliated with U of IThree locations in IA24/7 courier serviceFood samples primarily outbreak or FERN surveillance or projectsISO 17025 Year
3; first year sampling planUSDA FERN Micro CAPFDA FERN Chem CAPSlide4
Sampling Plan Focus Areas
Products with history of challengesapple
cider: Cryptosporidium outbreaksalsa/guacamole: Salmonella outbreakNew IndustriesAquaculture in Iowa!Products with broad distribution: Gelatin Environmental sampling pursuant to FDA contract (3 firms per year)Other products of interest to the state (ice and bottled water)Slide5
Design Phase
Face-to-face meeting early in the year to brain storm products and analytesRegular monthly teleconferences early each month to discuss logistics of the upcoming sampling events IDIA: chose
sites, lead inspector, collection datesSHL: chose analytes, methods, sampling containers, amount of sample needed, how to sample, questionnairesOther logistics: type of samples,where and what time samples being dropped off.SHL has a lab north of Des Moines and a daily courier to CoralvilleIf after hours drop off, arrangements were madeSlide6
Iowa’s Sampling Plan
October: 4 apple cider (pasteurized, treated)November: 4 gelatin (high and low grade)December: 2 aquaculture
(fish, water and microgreens)January: 3 Bottled waterFebruary: 4 GelatinMarch: environmental samples (100)April: environmental samples (100)May: environmental samples (100)June: 3 salsaJuly: 2 AquacultureAugust: 3 Ice Slide7
Behind the Scenes - IDIA
Work with inspectors to identify potential facilitiesLearn more about the product being produced.Such as quantities and types of packagingDetermine if the sampling will be conducted with an inspection or independent of an inspection
Provide information on firm to SHL for production of sample transmittal documents.With very small facilities, schedule times.Slide8
Behind the Scenes - SHL
Set up result web access for inspectorsBuild the bottle orderObtain sampling codes from eLEXNETLab product codes, reason collected, etcOrder standards, sampling devices or standards
Send SHL collection form, sampling devices, and coolers to inspectorsInform SHL staff what and when samples comingMake arrangements for late sample deliveriesSlide9
Sampling Devices
Photo by Scott Platt, IDIASlide10Slide11
Apple Cider
Tests:
Pesticides: Azoxystrobin, Chlorpyrifos, Imidacloprid, Tebuconazole, Captan, Phosmet, EsfenvalerateParasites: Cryptosporidium and Giardia
The use of indicators: fecal coliform and E.coli
and if high,
bacterial enteric pathogens
(
E.coli
O157:H7;
Salmonella
)Slide12
Apple Cider Pesticides
What pesticides to test for? Contacted ISU Extension for what can be appliedRequested growers to indicate what
was appliedWhat method to use?AOAC2007.01– QuEChERS extraction followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup. Analysis by LC-MS-MS and GC-MS-MS Results: all pesticides were below the limits of quantitationSlide13
Apple Cider Parasites
Modified EPA Water Method 1623.1; centrifugation, immunomagnetic separation and fluorescent microscopySuccessful last year finding oocysts
in implicated unpasteurized cider using this method
SHL photographs of actual
oocyst
in apple cider; photo by Cathy Lord, SHLSlide14
Apple Cider Microbiology Results
Pasteurized Apple CiderTotal and Fecal coliform & E.coli MPN: <0.18 /gramUV treated Apple Cider
Total coliform MPN: 160 /gramFecal coliform MPN: 7.9 / gramE.coli MPN: 7.9 / gramCryptosporidium and Giardia: negative (<2/L)Salmonella, E.coli O157:H7 PCR, STEC (BAX): negative Slide15
UV-treated cider can be sold in IowaColiform monitoring indicates sanitary problem
Processes evaluated (Carl Huffman, FDA State Liaison); gaps in documentationUV light had been sent in for calibrationPossible post process contamination Repeat samples collected (both raw and UV treated) to demonstrate 5 log removalRaw cider bacterial results were very low and UV treated sample results were all negative
UV Treated Apple CiderSlide16
Gelatin Lessons Learned
Tests (EU requirements)Aerobic Plate CountStaphylococcus aureus
Plate CountSalmonella PCRHeavy MetalsTypes of GelatinAnimal types: Pork/beeftwo grades: hi and lowPhoto by Nancy Hall, SHLSlide17
Gelatin Microbiology Problems
Papain Contaminated with Salmonella C1 Papain is a proteinase reagent used for the testing of gelatin; crude papaya latex Replacement lot also contaminated
Difficulties finding uncontaminated productContacted the FDA Denver Laboratory and Tom Hammack, CFSANAlternative product found: Acros Organics Also, coliform assay worked better with 1:10 diln in single-strength than 1:1 product/double-strength mediaSlide18
Aquaculture
Planned to test the water, fish and microgreensUnfortunately, facility closed down for winter holiday season; will contact later in the year; fish will not be ready until mid/late April 2015
Ref: www.iowasfirst.comSlide19
Aquaculture Questionnaire
Purpose of questionnaires: better understanding of processes to aid in inspection, sampling and result interpretationWhat type of fish do you use in your growing tanks?
What is the typical size of the fish once it is harvested and processed? Once processed, is the fish stored frozen or refrigerated?If upon the date of our visit you do not have any fish processed, would you be willing to process a couple of fish for our observation?What type of greens are you growing at this time and is it likely that there would be harvested greens at the time of our planned visit?What is your source for operational water (private well or municipal water such as rural water)?Are the growing beds in the greenhouse all connected to the same water distribution system from the fish grow tanks, or are there multiple systems? If multiple, how many?Slide20
eLEXNET
Last two years was able to perform spreadsheet upload for the couple hundred environmental samplesFirst year: worked with eLEXNET staff to develop spreadsheetSecond year: the spreadsheet template changed so had to rearrange columns for upload
Currently working on developing the spreadsheet for the multi-analyte chemical analytes (with microbial tests)Chemists are preparing analyte crosswalk for IT SQLInvestigating adding the bacteria indicator tests; not analytes on FDA list Slide21
Benefits: IDIA Perspective
Inspectors gain more experience at sample collection; including chain of custody procedures, filling out forms, aseptic technique, various collection devices and vesselsDiscovered problem areas (e.g. treated cider)Improved communications and build relationships with SHLImproved our environmental sampling program; used in outbreak situation Dec 2014 and found the implicated pathogen in the environmentSlide22
Benefits: Lab Perspective
Gain more experience with difficult matrices (e.g. gelatin, apple cider)Gain more experience with testing food samples in generalEvery food is different and many times difficult, especially for chemical area
Improve our environmental sample program in general; having all the sampling devices on hand; bottle orders built and ready to go at moments notice (e.g. Fri afternoon!)Build capacity, capability and outbreak preparedness (especially processing 100 samples in one day)Build better communication and improve relationships with IDIA Slide23
Bi-Annual IDIA/SHL Food Inspector Micro Course
1.5 day course with focus on micro concepts and sampling techniquesOn-hands sample collection at local restaurantVarious sampling devices used; sponges/swabs
Practice filling out forms and chain of custodyPhotos by Nancy Hall; 2014 Food Inspector ClassSlide24
Acknowledgements
IDIA Inspectors: Scott Platt, Lead and othersSHL Laboratory Staff: Cathy Lord, Brian Wels, Michele Yacopucci and othersDr. Michael Wichman, SHLVarious Iowa facilities chosen this year
Julie Vosilus, FDA State LiaisonTim Hammack, CSFANeLEXNET help desk staffEyal Rand, GlobalNet ServicesSlide25
Contact Information
Steve MandernachBureau Chief, Iowa Department of Inspection & Appealssteven.mandernach@dia.iowa.gov
515/281-8587Nancy HallEnvironmental Microbiology Manager, State Hygienic Laboratory; nancy-hall@uiowa.edu319/335-4331