Stress or Accent (Beat) - PowerPoint Presentation

Stress or Accent (Beat) A stressed or accented syllable is uttered in a higher pitch or with greater emphasis than the other syllables around it.

Accentual Verse or Accentual Meter The rhythmical pattern is determined by the number of stressed/accented syllables (beats) in each line. The total number of syllables per line varies.The accents or stresses are measured.

/ . . . /. . . . / . . ./ Star light, Star bright, (4 syllables). / . . . /. . . . . / . . ./First star I see tonight (6 syllables).. . / . . . /. . .. . . . / . . . ./I wish I may, I wish I might (8 syllables). . / . . . . . /. . . . . . / .. .. ./ Have the wish I wish tonight (7 syllables) Another Example of Accentual Verse

Syllabic Meter or Syllabic Verse In this line of poetry, the number of syllables is measured, but the number of stresses varies.Examples:*Dylan Thomas “Poem in October”*Thomas Nashe “In Time of Plague (Adieu, farewell, earth’s bliss)”*Haiku

Accentual-Syllabic Verse or Meter Determined by the number and alternation of stressed & unstressed syllables which are organized into feet. The total number of syllables in a line is fixed or set. Syllables and Stresses are both measured.from William Wordsworth's “Daffodils”For oft, / when on/ my couch / I lieIn va/cant or/ in pen/sive mood,They flash / upon / that in/ward eyeWhich is/ the bliss / of sol/itude;And then / my heart / with plea/sure fills,And dan/ces with / the daf/fodils. This is iambic (da DUM) tetrameter (line of 4 feet). Also, each line has eight syllables.

Types of Feet iamb: 2 syllables; first unstressed, second stressed da DUM (iambic) unite providetrochee: 2 syllables; first stressed, second unstressed DUM da (trochaic) garden highwayspondee: 2 syllables; both stressed (a bit rare) DUM DUM (spondaic) hog-wild downtowndactyl: 3 syllables; first stressed, second & third unstressedDUM da da (dactylic) poetry basketballanapest: 3 syllables; first & second unstressed, third stressedda da DUM (anapestic) underfoot overcome

IAMB – da DUM – two syllables, first unstressed, second stressed Example of iamb from Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18: So LONG / as MEN / can BREATHE / or EYES / can SEE, So LONG / lives THIS / and THIS / gives LIFE / to THEE.

TROCHEE – DUM da – two syllables, first stressed, second unstressed Example of trochee from William Shakespeare’s Macbeth: DOU- ble, / DOU-ble / TOIL and / TROU-ble;FI-re / BURN, and / CAL-dron / BUB-ble.

DACTYL – DUM da da – three syllables, first stressed, last two unstressed Example of dactyl (and spondee) from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s “Evangeline” DIS-tant, se-CLUD-ed, still, THE lit-tle VIL-lage of GRAND-PREWEST and south, THERE were fields, OF flax and OR-chards and CORN-FIELDS(four dactyls and one spondee)

ANAPEST – da da DUM – three syllables, first two unstressed, last one stressed Example of anapest from Edgar Allan Poe’s “Annabel Lee” For the MOON/ never BEAMS,/ without BRING/ing me DREAMS/Of the BEAU/tiful ANN/abel LEE;/And the STARS/ never RISE,/ but I FEEL/ the bright EYES/Of the BEAU/tiful ANN/abel LEE;/Two more types of feet:cretic: DUM da DUM – three syllables; 1. stressed, 2. unstressed, 3. stressedpyrrhic: da da – two syllables, both unstressed

Types of Meter monometer: 1 foot in the line of poetry dimeter : 2 feet in the line of poetry trimeter: 3 feet tetrameter: 4 feet pentameter: 5 feethexameter: 6 feet (most often dactylic feet)heptameter: 7 feetoctameter: 8 feetan iambic hexameter is called “ALEXANDRINE”da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM

Monometer (one beat per line) “Fleas” Adam Had ‘em.

Dimeter (two beats)“The Bridge of Sighs” Thomas Hood Take her up tenderly,Lift her with care,Fashioned so slenderly, Young and so fair.

Trimeter (three beats)“The Tower” W.B. Yeats It is time that I wrote my will; I choose upstanding menThat climb the streams untilThe fountain leap, and at dawnDrop their cast at the sideOf dripping stone; I declareThey shall inherit my pride.

Tetrameter (four beats) “Stopping by Woods”Robert Frost Whose woods these are I think I know His house is in the village though,He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.

Pentameter (five beats) “Tithonus ” Alfred, Lord TennysonThe woods decay, the woods decay and fall,The vapours weep their burthens to the ground,Man comes and tills the soil and lies beneath,And after many a summer dies the swan.

Hexameter (six beats) “The Lake Isle of Innisfree ” W.B. YeatsI will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made.

YES by Muriel Rukeyser Some go local Some go expressSome can't waitTo answer yes.Some complainOf strain and stressTheir answer may beNo for Yes.Some like failureSome like success Some like Yes YesYes Yes YesOpen your eyes,Dream but don't guess.Your biggest surpriseComes after Yes.