A Prophet and His World The Arabian Peninsula was a crossroads of trade between the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Basin Meant that any religious ideas developed there would spread quickly to the rest of the world ID: 277972
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Slide1
The Expansive Realm of IslamSlide2
A Prophet and His World
The Arabian Peninsula was a crossroads of trade between the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Basin.
Meant that any religious ideas developed there would spread quickly to the rest of the world.Slide3
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad and His Message
Muhammad – Born into an important merchant family around 570 CE.
Became successful Merchant interacting with Jews and Arab converts frequently.
610 CE Muhammad had a spiritual transformation that caused him to reject polytheism and affirm his faith in one god who he called ALLAH.
Said Allah would reward the righteous and punish the wicked.
Said he received instructions from the archangel Gabriel tell instructing him to spread his faith to others.Slide4
A Prophet and His World
650s – Revelations of Muhammad had been received and voiced and written down by his followers.
They were compiled in
The Quran – Compilation of Muhammad’s teachings which reveal a powerful, poetic message of faith and understanding of Allah’s wishes for the world.
Authoritative foundation for Muslim doctrine and
social organization.
Hadith
– Muhammad’s own sayings
Sharia
– Islamic Law
Combined to help people better understand the Muslim faith.Slide5
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad’s Migration to Medina
Mecca elite became nervous when Muhammad began preaching against excessive wealth and polytheism, and preaching in favor of service to the poor and charity.
Forced out of Mecca with his followers (the
umma
) to Medina in 622 CE which marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
As his community increased, Muhammad began to be recognized as the final prophet.
He recognized Jesus as a prophet and acknowledged the Jewish Yahweh and Christian God as the same god as Allah!Slide6
Islam in Arabia
630 CE – Followers of Islam attacked and conquered Mecca and forced inhabitants to adopt Islam.
Built Mosques
Established the Five Pillars of Islam
Acknowledgement that there is one god (Allah) and Muhammad is his prophet.
Necessity of praying to Allah daily while facing Mecca
Observation of a month of prayer and fasting during Ramadan
Almsgiving to the poor and destitute
Pilgrimage to MeccaSlide7
Islam in Arabia
Jihad
Some later followers of Islam took this on as an additional sign of faithfulness.
Jihad means “struggle” and is usually interpreted as a personal spiritual and moral fight against evil and unbelief.
Sometimes extended into physical war (
Modern Terrorism???)Slide8
The Expansion of Islam
Caliph – Deputies of Islam that follow Muhammad after he died and served as the leaders of Islam.
Expanded beyond Arabia into Byzantine and Persian Empires and eventually into India, North Africa, and Iran and Iraq.Slide9
The Expansion of Islam
The Abbasid Dynasty
Dynasty that took control of the caliphate and ruled Islam from headquarters in Baghdad.
Like the Persian, Roman, and Han empires they had an excellent road system that allow for effective communication and administration
Fell to the Mongols in 1258 CESlide10
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
Economy
New crops grown throughout the region using new methods
Crop rotation, fertilization, and irrigation
Rice, sugarcane, wheat, vegetables (spinach, artichokes, eggplants)
Increased food supplies lead to increased Urban growth.
Lead to textile industries
Paper production!
Leads to increase in written materials and educationSlide11
Economy
The formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Innovations in road construction and maritime travel aided Islam economy
Used Triangular sail to travel quickly across the Mediterranean
Complex banking system allowed for long-distance trade.
Use of loans
and checks.Slide12
Economy and Society
The Changing Status of Women
Women had some Freedoms
Inherit property, divorce husbands, engage in business
However they were still subordinate to men.
Male family members in charge of women’s social and sexual lives
Men could have as many as 4 wives
Veiling of Women and household seclusion
Comes from Mesopotamian and Persian traditions
As Islam spread to other regions it picked up more patriarchal traditions and different interpretations of the Quran which lead to more restrictions in women’s rights.Slide13
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
The Arabic language holds a privileged position as the only true language of the Quran.
Nevertheless, as Muslim missionaries spread the word of Islam through the teachings of the Quran.
They allowed many pre-Islamic traditions to be retained by the affected cultures.Slide14
The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Sharia
– Body of civil and criminal law in Islam
Madrassas
– Schools that promoted unity in education and understanding of Muslim law and theology.
As Islam spread to other regions many of those regions maintained hold of own cultural traditions and blended them with Muslim traditions.Slide15
Islamic Values and Cultural Traditions
Islam and Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece
Just as these cultures adopted Muslim ideas, so too did the Muslims adopt the ideas of these cultures.
India - Algebra, trigonometry, and geometry were developed by Muslims using Hindi numerals.
Greece – Medicine and science based on Greek study of anatomy
and physiology.