PPT-Toulmin model of argument

British Logician Frustrated with the inability of formal logic to explain everyday arguments Came up with a model for practical reasoning Two triads first triad Claim the main point the arguer is trying to maketakes the form of a proposition. Understanding the Differences. Pre-Writing. Writing . Prompt. . The use of technology, especially among teenagers, has increased substantially and mobile access to the internet is pervasive. Do you think that people are too reliant on technology? Why or why not? . “Not . an inch to the west! Not an inch to the east! . I’ll stay here, not budging! I can and I . will. If . it makes you and me and the whole . world stand still. !” . --from Dr. . Suess. ’ “The . Kevin Rogers. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 – 1860). German Philosopher. View of OA:. Sleight of hand trick. Charming joke. Bertrand Russell (1872 – 1970). “It is much easier to be persuaded that ontological arguments are no good than it is to say exactly what is wrong with them”. Argumentative Essay. Position statement reminders. Is the thesis of your paper. Should specifically state what you are trying to convince your audience to believe and/or do. Should express your opinion (not a fact) about the issue under discussion. “Dispute it like a man.” . Macduff. responds gruffly, “But I must also feel it as a man.” (Mac. 4.3. 219-21. ). The Rhetorical Triangle-. (right . side). Pathos-Emotional . Argument (left side). Classical, Toulmin and Rogerian. The Classical Model. Introduction. Lead-in. Overview of the situation. Background. Position statement (thesis). Appeals (ethos, pathos, logos) and evidence. Appeals: to ethics, character, authority (ethos); to emotions (pathos); to reason logos). from class on 11.3/11.4. 11.3/11.4 warm-up: Toulmin practice. CLAIMS. fact. : claims which focus on empirically verifiable . phenomena. judgment/value. : claims involving opinions, attitudes, and subjective evaluations of . Using Toulmin Method of Logic. Claim. Data. Warrant/Bridge. Backing/Foundation. Counterclaim. Rebuttal. Toulmin. Method of Logic. CLAIM. The overall THESIS the writer will argue for. Toulmin. Method of Logic. DATA. What is the Cosmological argument?. Cosmological: Referring to the origin and structure of the universe.. The cosmological argument tries to prove that there is a perfect and well ordered universe, and a world in which we live (cosmos), rather than nothingness, because God brought the cosmos into existence. Theists argue that the universe is perfect because it was created by God and is not the result of random chance (the big bang theory).. Argument in its best academic, scholarly, or journalistic sense is not the same as an emotional argument or conflict between people. In general, it seeks to open a subject, not close it; to broaden a subject, not narrow it; and primarily to earn respect for a position, not necessarily defeat one.. This chapter will cover. Reality assumptions. Patterns of deductive reasoning. Using deductive reasoning to test logic, discover truth, make decisions, avoid stereotyping, and understand argument.. Causal arguments are inductive arguments in which the conclusion is a claim that one thing causes another.. For example:. Clogged arteries cause heart attacks. A rough surface produces friction. Exercise during heat causes sweating. Why Argue?. Argument is not in itself an end or a purpose of communication. It is rather a means of discourse, a way of developing what we have to say. We can identify four primary aims or purposes that argument helps us accomplish:.