No cells ear buds or Ipads Needle and syringe Paragraph 1 Pharmacology can be defined as the science of how drugs are used to prevent diagnose and treat disease It deals with the interactions between living systems and chemical molecules ID: 778953
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Slide1
Unit 3 Lesson 5General Pharmacology for ALS
Slide2No cells, ear buds, or I-pads!
Slide3Needle and syringe
Slide4Slide5Paragraph 1Pharmacology
can be defined as the science of how drugs are used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. It deals with the interactions between living systems and chemical molecules.
Slide6Angles of insertion
Slide7A drug’s administration route influences the quantity given and the rate at which the drug is absorbed and distributed. Routes of administration include:Orally
(PO) – the safest and most convenient administration
route
Sublingual
– under the tongue
Respiratory
– drugs are administered as gases by inhalation
Paragraph 2
Slide8Intradermal (ID) – substances are injected into the skin (dermis)Subcutaneous (SC) – substances are injected under the dermis
Intramuscular
(IM) – drugs are injected directly into the various muscle
groups
Intravenous
(IV) – allows injection of substances directly into the bloodstream through a vein.
Bolus
– refers to a relatively large dose of a drug injected rapidly as a single unit into a vein.
Paragraph 2
Slide9Intradermal (ID)
Slide10Intramuscular routes (IM)
Slide11Intramuscular routes (IM)
Slide12Every drug has indications, or specific signs, symptoms, or circumstances under which it is appropriate to administer the drug to a patient. Forexample,
nitroglycerin
is indicated when a patient has chest pain
or squeezing
, dull pressure.
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Slide13Each drug also has contraindications, under which it is not appropriate, and may be harmful, to administer the drug to the patient. For example, nitroglycerin is contraindicated (should not be given) if the patient has low blood pressure, because nitroglycerin, in dilating the arteries, causes a slight drop in the systolic blood pressure.
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Slide14A side effect is any action of a drug other than the desired actions. Some side effects are predictable, like the drop in blood pressure from nitroglycerin. If
you were not aware of this side effect and gave the drug to a patient
who already
had low blood pressure, the results could be devastating. The
patient’s
blood pressure would “bottom out” resulting in the possible death of
the
patient.
Paragraph 4
Slide15Pharmacological science and an overview of the indications and contraindications of even a limited listing of medications could easily encompass an entire master’s level course. From an ALS perspective; however, a small listing of emergency drugs are as follows (adult doses):
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Slide16Adenosine – initial dose 6mg rapid IV bolus used to suppress supraventricular tachycardia restores normal sinus rhythm.Epinephrine
– 1 mg every 3-5 min as needed (q3-5 min prn)
IV for
sinus node dysfunction during CPR, bradycardia, or
asystole
that is induced by drugs or toxic substances
. Restores
cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest.
Paragraph 5
Slide17Adenosine
Slide18Epinephrine
Slide19Morphine – initial dose 1-3 mg PO, 2.5-15 mg p4h or 0.8-10 mg/h by continuous infusion IV; for relief of severe acute and chronic pain also used to relieve dyspnea and acute left ventricle failure, pulmonary edema, and pain due to MI.
Naloxone hydrochloride (
narcan
) – .02-2 mg q2-3 min up to 10 mg if necessary; complete or partial reversal of respiratory depression induced by opiate overdose.
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Slide20Lidocaine and morphine
Slide21Naloxone hydrochloride (narcan) – .02-2 mg q2-3 min up to 10 mg if necessary; complete or partial reversal of respiratory depression induced by opiate overdose.
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Slide22Narcan = for opiate overdose
Slide23Romero footnote*IV bolus =
intravenous rapid injection
mg
(migs)
=
milligrams
mg/hr =
milligrams per hour (mg/m = milligrams per minute)
p
rn =
“as needed”
q =
“every”
Slide24Pharmacology Drug Order Interpretation 6mg rapid IV bolus
.5-1 mg IM/IV
1 mg
q3-5
min
prn
IV
50-100 mg IV bolus q5-10 min; maximum of 300 mg
1-3 mg PO
2.5-15 mg p4h or 0.8-10 mg/h
.02-2 mg q2-3 min up to 10 mg
Slide25Pharmacology Drug Order Interpretation 6mg rapid IV bolus“six milligrams rapid intravenous injection”
.5-1 mg IM/IV
“point five to one milligram intramuscular or intravenous”
1 mg every 3-5 min as needed (q3-5 min prn)
IV
“One milligram every three to five minutes as needed intravenous”
Slide26Pharmacology Drug Order Interpretation 50-100 mg IV bolus q5-10 min; maximum of 300 mg“Fifty to one hundred milligrams intravenous rapid injection every five to ten minutes; maximum dose of three hundred milligrams”
1-3 mg PO
“One to three milligrams orally”
2.5-15 mg p4h or 0.8-10 mg/h
“Two point five to fifteen milligrams every four hours or zero point eight to ten milligrams per hour”
.02-2 mg q2-3 min up to 10 mg
“Point
zero two
to two milligrams every two to three minutes up to a maximum of ten milligrams”