All About Vaccine Preventable Diseases - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

All About Vaccine Preventable Diseases Slide2

Vaccine preventable diseases

Some diseases can’t be prevented and can only be treated after a person gets

sick.

Some diseases can be prevented by receiving a vaccine before we come into contact with them, so we don’t have to get sick!

These are called vaccine preventable

diseases.Slide3

Vaccine preventable diseases

Some vaccines prevent diseases that are still common in the United States.

Some vaccines prevent diseases that are no longer common in the U.S.

But

if we didn’t vaccinated against them, they could easily come

back.

One vaccine was used so efficiently that smallpox, the disease it prevented, was eradicated.

This means the disease was eliminated from the world.

This vaccine is no longer available because it is no longer necessary.

Two vaccines prevent infections that can lead to cancer.

Human papillomavirus vaccine and Hepatitis B vaccineSlide4

Why do we all need to be vaccinated??

http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop.htmSlide5

Pre-teen & Adolescent Vaccines

HPV Vaccine—Human Papillomavirus

Tdap—Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough)

Meningococcal—

Neisseria meningitidis

Two vaccines (MCV4 and MenB protect against different types of the bacteria)

HPV, Tdap, and Meningococcal

are needed at 11-12 years

old.

Meningococcal is needed again at 16-18 years

old.

Chickenpox catch-up

2 doses if you haven’t already received them or had the

disease.

Influenza Vaccine—You should get a flu shot every seasonSlide6

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV

is a group of more than 150

related viruses.

HPV can cause genital warts.

Some

other HPV types can lead to

cancer in the cervix, penis, and throat.

There

are more than 40 HPV types that

can

infect the genital areas of males and females.Slide7

HPV

Every

20

minutes

, someone in the US

is diagnosed

with cancer due to HPV.

About

14 million people become newly

infected

each

year.

About

79 millions Americans are currently infected with HPV.HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection.HPV is spread by intimate skin to skin contact-Not just sex.Slide8

HPV

HPV is transmitted through contact during vaginal or anal sex, during oral sex, and during genital-to-genital contact.

HPV is transmitted even when the infected person has no signs or symptoms.

Most people who are infected do not know that they have the disease, so they can pass it on to others without knowing.

Most new cases of HPV are in teens and young adults.Slide9

Hpv

AND CANCER

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer caused by HPV.

Cervical cancer is the 2

nd

leading cause of cancer deaths in women around the world.

In the United States:

11,000 women get cervical cancer every year

4,000

are expected to die from the disease

There are other cancers caused by HPV:

About

17,600 women

in the US each year are affected by a cancer caused by HPV

About 9,300 men in the US each year are affected by a cancer caused by HPVSlide10

Hpv

AND CANCER

Oral HPV is HPV that infects the mouth and throat.

Oral HPV can cause cancers in the head and neck.

Every year in the United States,

9,000 people

are diagnosed with these types of cancers that may be caused by HPV.

Theses cancers are

4 times more common in men

than in women.

Some studies have shown oral HPV might be passed from one person to another during oral sex or even during open mouthed kissing.Slide11

Hpv

AND Genital Warts

HPV also causes genital warts.

About

360,000

people in the United States get genital warts each year.

About

1 in 100

sexually active people in the US have genital warts.Slide12

HPV Vaccine Protects us against

cancer!

We have a vaccine that protects against HPV infections.

This in turn protects against genital warts and certain kinds of cancer.

All 11-12 year olds should get the HPV vaccine.

Unfortunately, only 6 in 10 girls are vaccinated and only 4 in 10 boys are vaccinated for HPV in

the United

States.

You

can get HPV vaccine at your doctors office or at your Local

Public Health Unit.

The

vaccine works best when you get it

at 11-12 years.

You

should receive 3 doses of HPV vaccine over 6 months to be

fully protected

from

HPV.Slide13

HPV trivia

HPV

is so common, that experts estimate almost every person who is sexually active will acquire HPV at some point in their life.Slide14

Meningococcal DiseaseSlide15

Meningococcal Disease

Caused

by a bacterium called

Neisseria

meningitidis

.

The bacteria can result in meningitis, blood stream infection or other

infections.

Meningitis: Inflammation around the brain or spinal cord

Very serious, can be deadly. Death can occur in a few hours.

Can also result in brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities.

Meningococcal disease can be treated with antibiotics if they are started right away.Slide16

Meningococcal Disease

Symptoms may include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck,

rash

,

sensitivity to light, or confusion

Even

with antibiotic treatment,

10 to 15 out of 100 people

will

die

.

About 11 to 19 out of every 100 survivors will have long-term disabilities, such as loss of limb(s), deafness, nervous system problems, or brain damage.Slide17

Meningococcal

Disease

There are different types of the bacteria that causes Meningococcal disease.

The different groups are called serogroups, and are given different letters to differentiate between them.

The vaccine you are required to get before starting 7

th

grade contains 4 serogroups (A, C, Y, & W-135)

–also

required to live on a college campus in North Dakota

There is another vaccine that protects against serogroup B that you can get when you are16-18 years old

This is MenB vaccine

2015: 341 cases of meningococcal disease in the United States

2015: No cases of meningococcal disease in North DakotaSlide18

Serogroup B Outbreaks on College campuses

From 2008-2010, a prolonged outbreak of serogroup B on a university campus in Ohio led to 13 cases and one death.

In 2013, two universities in New Jersey and California experienced serogroup B outbreaks with a combined 13 cases and one death reported.

In 2015, the University of Oregon experienced a serogroup B outbreak with 7 cases

.

In 2016, Santa Clara University experienced an outbreak with three cases reported.Slide19

Meningococcal Disease on college campuses

There have been many outbreaks of meningococcal disease on college campuses across the country.

Dark

blue States— Campus

outbreak occurred.

Light

blue States—Single

case occurred on a college campus.

= Serogroup B

Meningococcal

case occurred.

=

M

eningococcal case other than serogroup B occurred.

http://www.nmaus.org/disease-prevention-information/serogroup-b-meningococcal-disease/Slide20

Vaccination Recommendations

Meningococcal

vaccination (MCV4) protects against

A, C, Y,

W-135.

One

dose required for Middle School

Entry.

Should be received at age 11

through 12

and again at

age 16.Also

required for students under 21 in order to

live on campus at

North Dakota Universities.Students living on campus should also consider getting the vaccine that protects against serogroup B.MenB vaccine: Bexsero or TrumenbaSlide21

Meningococcal Trivia

Many strains of the bacteria

Neisseria

meningitidis

do not cause any symptoms. As

many as 10% of adolescents and adults

have some type of the bacteria somewhere in their body, but it doesn’t cause disease.Slide22

PertussisSlide23

Pertussis/Whooping Cough

Coughing illness caused

by a bacteria called

Bordetella pertussis

.

Symptoms can include cold-like symptoms, coughing fits,

posttussive

vomiting, whoop,

and apnea

.

Cough lasts for

at least 14 days-the disease is also known as the

100 day cough

Important to be vaccinated so you don’t get the disease, and

You don’t pass it on to a household member who is young or who is pregnant.May result in certain complicationsThe most common complication is pneumonia.Infants may also suffer from seizures .Death is rare but does occur. Most deaths are in unvaccinated infants.Slide24

Vaccination Recommendations

Both

DTaP

and Tdap protect against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and

pertussis.

DTaP

vaccination

when you are

young.

Tdap

vaccination at age 11 through 12

years.

Tdap

is required for seventh grade entry in North Dakota. When a pregnant women gets a Tdap vaccine, it actually protects her baby from pertussis!Slide25

Pertussis Trivia

Thomas Jefferson’s daughter, Lucy, died of pertussis when she was two and a

half.Slide26

DiphtheriaSlide27

Diphtheria

Caused by a bacteria:

Corynebacterium

diphtheria

that releases

a toxin when it infects someone.

Spread through coughing and sneezing.

Can

also be transmitted from

touching

open sores (but this is

rare).

Can

also be transmitted if a person touches an object that has the bacteria on it.Initial symptoms usually include a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, low fever, and swollen neck.Eventually a thick gray coating can build up in the throat or nose, making it hard to breath or swallow.About 10% of people who get diphtheria will die.Slide28

Diphtheria in North Dakota and the United States

We have not had a case of Diphtheria in North Dakota in a very long

time.

The last cases of diphtheria in North Dakota were reported in 1975; six cases were reported that year.

Before the vaccine, up to 15,000 people in the United States died from diphtheria every year.

We are still vaccinated with

DTaP

or Tdap so the disease doesn’t come back. Slide29

Diphtheria Trivia

In 1925, an outbreak of diphtheria broke out in Nome, Alaska and threatened to kill most of the region’s

population.

Fresh antitoxin was

necessary,

but had to be sent from Seattle,

Washington.

The only way to get the antitoxin to Nome was via sled dogs

.

The trip involved 150 dogs along a 674 mile trail. The trail usually took 15 to 20 days but the dogs were able to complete the trip in 5 days and 7 hours.

The annual Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is held annually to commemorate this

run.Slide30

TetanusSlide31

Tetanus

Tetanus is usually a fatal disease caused by a

bacteria.

Not

spread from person to

person.

Found

in soil, dust, and

manure.

Enters

the body through cuts or puncture

wounds.

Causes uncontrolled spasms of muscle.

These spasms may cause bones to break and difficulty breathing.

Leads to death in about 10-20% of cases.Uncommon in the United States:Usually only about 29 cases per year of tetanus.In addition to the DTaP and Tdap vaccines needed for school, you should also receive a Tetanus containing vaccine every ten years because it does not last forever. Slide32

Tetanus Trivia

Tetanus is known as

lockjaw

.

Causes a person’s neck and jaw muscles to lock.

This makes it difficult for people to open their mouth and swallow.

http://textbookofbacteriology.net/clostridia_3.htmlSlide33

ChickenpoxSlide34

Chickenpox

Very contagious disease

Causes a blister-like rash, itching, tiredness and fever.

Can be serious, especially in babies, adults, and

p

eople with other health conditions.

Before the chickenpox vaccine, about

4 million people

would get chickenpox each year in the United States,

10,600 people

were hospitalized, and

100 to 150

died

.

Spreads easily through the air through coughing or sneezing.A person is contagious 1-2 days before the rash develops until all lesions have formed scabs.Slide35

Chickenpox Vaccination

All children should receive two

doses of chickenpox

vaccine.

The first when you are 1 year old and the second when you are 4-6 years old.

If you did not receive the chickenpox vaccine and have never had the disease, you should still get two doses.

Children who have had chickenpox disease previously do not need to be vaccinated because they are already protected from getting the disease again.Slide36

Chickenpox Trivia

In the movie, The Goonies, the actor who played “Chunk” came down with chickenpox. He showed up to work without informing anyone of his illness. Chunk was famous for performing the “truffle shuffle”, if you look closely you can see his rash.Slide37

PolioSlide38

Polio

Disease caused by a virus that is very easy to spread

from

one person to another.

Most people either don’t have symptoms or feel like they

have

the flu.

A small number of people will have serious symptoms such as paralysis-can’t move parts of the body.

Of every group of 100 to 1000 people who get polio, about one will develop paralysis.

Some people can die from the disease.

Polio can be passed from one person to another from:

The stool of an infected person

When an infected person sneezes or coughsSlide39

Polio in the US and North Dakota

Eliminated from the United States due to

vaccine.

Vaccinated at 2

months, 4 months, 6 through 18 months, and one dose after age 4.

The last case of polio in the US was in 1993.

This was in a person who traveled to another country, became infected with the disease, and traveled

back.

Prior to that case the last case was in 1986.

The last case of paralytic polio in North Dakota was in 1977.Slide40

Polio and travel

Even though we do not have polio in the United States any more, it is still in other parts of the world.

We need to be vaccinated because travel can bring these diseases back to the United States.

Polio has been eradicated (or eliminated) from most parts of the world through vaccination. There are only two countries left in the world that have Polio

Virus:

Afghanistan reported 19 cases of Wild Type Polio in

2015.

Pakistan reported 53 cases of Wild Type Polio in

2015.Slide41

Polio Trivia

According to the National Toy Hall of Fame®, the game Candyland was invented to help entertain children recuperating from polio

disease. Slide42

MeaslesSlide43

Measles

Disease caused

by a

virus.

Symptoms

typically begin with fever, runny

nose

,

cough

and red watery

eyes.

Rash that covers the body will develop three to five days after symptoms begin.

Usually starts on the

face.

Spreads downward to the rest of the body.Slide44

Measles Transmission

Spread through the air by breathing, coughing or

sneezing.

Extremely contagious

Can

live for up to 2 hours outside the

body.

People

can spread the disease 4 days before rash

appears.

Can result in other

complications.

1/10

children get an ear

infection1/20 children get pneumonia1-2/1000 children dieSlide45

Measles in the US and North Dakota

2014: over 600 measles cases in the United States

2015: 189 measles cases in the United States

The last case of measles in North Dakota was in 2011.

Our first case of measles in over 23 years!

The person got measles while traveling on an

airplane and

g

ave

it to his sister in South

Dakota.

There were no

other known cases associated with this case.Slide46

Measles vaccine

We need

to continue to vaccinate so we do not have measles in North Dakota

!

We receive 2 Doses of MMR vaccine.

One dose at 12 months and one dose at age 4-6

years.

Vaccine protects against Measles, Mumps, and

Rubella.Slide47

Measles Trivia

Roald Dahl, author of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,

Matilda, and

James and the Giant

Peach,

had a daughter who died from measles.

She contracted the disease the year before a vaccine was discovered.

Both James and the Giant Peach and The BFG were dedicated to her

.Slide48

MumpsSlide49

Mumps

Disease caused by the mumps

virus.

Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite and swelling of

face and neck.

Disease is spread by

coughing and sneezing, sharing eating utensils.Slide50

Mumps in North Dakota

Usually we only see one or no cases in

N

orth Dakota a year.

2016

: 37 possible cases.

2016: Outbreaks

of mumps

occurring

all over the United States.

MMR also contains protection against

mumps.

2

MMR dosesSlide51

Mumps Trivia

Actress Holly Hunter is deaf in one ear from a childhood mumps infection.Slide52

InfluenzaSlide53

Influenza

Seasonal respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus.

Flu season lasts from October to May.

Most cases typically occur from January through

M

arch.

Symptoms: fever of 100˚F or greater and a cough and/or sore throat.

Other symptoms include: body aches, congestion, chills, headache, earache.

Flu is spread when people cough, sneeze, or even talk.

2014-2015 flu season:

6443 cases

of flu in North Dakota

Flu can be very serious.

2014-2015:

275 hospitalized in North Dakota because of influenza2014-2015: 54 deaths due to influenza in North Dakota Slide54

Who should get flu vaccine?

EVERYONE!!!

Everyone should get a flu shot every year.

The flu virus changes from year to year,

so we

need to get a new vaccine every flu season

Getting the flu shot reduces your chances of getting the flu-this means less time being sick

This also means you are less likely to transfer the disease to someone who is at increased risk for having a serious case of the flu, such as young children, grandparents, or people who have other health conditions.

Even if you do get flu, influenza vaccination can make your symptoms more mild.Slide55

Influenza Trivia

The first recognizable influenza pandemic was in Russia in the 1500s.

Influenza killed more soldiers than combat during World War 1

This was due to the Spanish Flu

United States Public health service flyer, 1918 – Library of Congress, American Memory

http

://connecticuthistory.org/the-spanish-influenza-pandemic-of-1918/#sthash.sbtlRaiN.dpufSlide56

Are Vaccines Safe?

YES!!

Vaccine

safety is studied in depth before they are given to the public.

Vaccines

are

continuously monitored

to ensure they are safe.

Vaccines, like any medicine, can cause side effects.

Your arm might hurt where you received the vaccine. This is normal.

However, serious side effects from vaccines are very rare.

It is also safe to receive multiple vaccines at one doctors appointment

.

The diseases that vaccines prevent however, can be very dangerous and even deadly

Slide57

Vaccines needed for

College

North Dakota

MMR, meningococcal

South Dakota

2 doses of MMR,

Minnesota

MMR, Tetanus, diphtheria

Montana

Measles, rubella