Articles Traditional Grammar Determiners Functional Grammar Indefinite articles Definite articles Possessive Demonstrative They determine things about the noun and are used at the beginning of noun phrases ID: 597757
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Articles and Determiners" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Articles and Determiners
ArticlesTraditional Grammar
DeterminersFunctional Grammar
Indefinite articles
Definite articles
Possessive
Demonstrative
They determine things about the noun and are used at the beginning of noun phrases
Does not refer to a particular thing/s
Refers to a particular thing/s that has already been established
Implies ownership
Refers to a particular thing/s
.. A/an
Eg. The
Eg. My, your, his, her, its, our, their, one’s, whose
Eg. This, that, these, those
Eg.
A
cat died
Eg.
The
cat died
Eg.
Your
cat died
Eg.
This
cat diedSlide2
Nouns
A part of speech used to name a place, person, emotion or thing
Common Nouns
Proper Nouns
Abstract Nouns
Collective Nouns
A name for any ordinary thing you can see and touch
Eg. tree, ball, dog, girl, cat, book, shop, state
The specific name for the
place/person. Need to be capitalised.
Eg. Kate, Spot, Lucky, Sooty, Ben, Coles,
God
Eg. There is the
ball.
Eg. Sophie
likes to dance
A word for something that can not be seen, heard or touched, such as an emotion or ideaA word that refers to a group of a particular thing
Eg. flock, herd, school (of fish), pad (of paper)
Eg. bravery, childhood, trust, calm, happy, sad
Eg. I am feeling
upset
Eg. Do you have a
pad
of paper?Slide3
Nouns
A part of speech used to name a place, person, emotion or thing
Mass Nouns
Nouns that are unable to be counted
Eg.
AdviceTrafficImagination
Count Nouns
Singular
Eg.
Wolf
MouseCowOctopus
GirlFox
Plural
Eg.
WolvesMiceCowsOctopi
GirlsFoxes
Nouns that are able to be counted
Eg. I saw a
fox
Eg. I saw many
foxes
Eg. You have a great
imaginationSlide4
Verbs
A doing, being or having word
Saying verbs
Involves speech. Something that is said
Eg.
Shout, whisper, sung, scream
Eg. I screamed
out loud
Auxiliary verbs
Helping verbs
Eg
. Have, be, will, shall, do, was, am, were, does
Eg. He
is
looking for you
Action verbs
Involves action. Something that is done
Eg
. Run, jump, dance, flew
Eg. I
dodged
the ball
Sensing
Involves thoughts and feelings. Something that is sensed or felt
Eg
. Love, remember, imagine
Eg. I
love
that colour
Relating / Linking
Verbs
Verbs that join together information.
Eg
. Be, have, become, posses, include, am, is
Eg. She
has
a dog
Doing verbsSlide5
Non finite verbs
Cannot stand alone and make sense
Eg. To dance, to drink, to play
Eg. I did not sing
Eg
. Danced, sung, painted
Eg. I
sung
yesterday
Infinitives
Participles
Eg
. Dancing, singing, painting
Eg. I love
singing
Present
Past
Combine with auxiliary verb to make a complete verb
The verb has no subject. Usually proceeded by to.
Verbs
A doing, being or having word
Finite verbs
Have a subject and can stand alone in a sentence
Eg
. Crashed
Eg. The tree
crashedSlide6
Transitive verbs
Intransitive verbs
Verbs with an object (ask who/what after)Something that involves action
Eg
. Run, jump, catch, throw
Eg
. Sailed, drove
Eg. Dad
drove
the car
Eg. Suzan caught
the ball
Verbs
A doing, being or having wordSlide7
Verbs
A doing, being or having word
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
Eg. Wave/waving/waved, climb/climbing/climbed
Verbs that change their spelling in the past tense and past participle
Eg. Choose/chose/chosen, buy/bought/buying
Eg. When I
bought
this orange, it was cheap
Verbs that change their tense in the ‘normal’ way
Eg. We
drove
to the beach Slide8
Pronouns
Words used instead of nouns
Possessive
Demonstrative
Personal
Reflexive/Emphatic
Eg. Mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs
Refers to a noun without specifically stating it
Eg
. That, this, those, these
Eg. This is
my
pencil
Eg. That is lovely
Used in place of persons or things
Used along side personal pronouns
Eg
. I, you, she, he, it
,
we, you they
Eg.
I
went to movies last night
Eg. He cut
himself
Used to show ownership
Eg. Himself, herself
Eg. The Queen
herself
came to the ball
Reflexive
EmphaticSlide9
Pronouns
Words used instead of nouns
Relative
Interrogative
Distribute
Indefinite
Eg. Who, whom, whose, which, that
Used to ask questions
Eg
. Who, whom, whose, which, what
Eg.
The girl
who phoned me…
Eg.
What is the answer to the question?
Refers to something individual as opposed to a group
Does not replace any person, place or thing
Eg No-one, one, anyone, anything, everything
Eg
. Each, either, neither
Eg.
Each
child is going to school
Eg
.
No one
lives on mars
A pronoun that introduces a relative clauseSlide10
Pronouns
Word used instead of a noun
Subject
Object
Eg. She, he, you, we, I, they, it
Replaces the object or indirect object in the sentence
Eg
. Him, me, her, it, you, us, them
Eg. The teacher gave the assignment to
her
Replace the subject in the sentence
Eg.
She
did the jobSlide11
Adjectives
Describing word. Adds meaning
A word that describes the objectAn adjective that tells us who belongs to the noun
Asks a question
Picks out a certain noun
Describing
Possessive
Interrogative
Demonstrative
Eg. Kind, big, green
Eg
. Which, what, whose, how
Eg. This, that, these, those
Eg. The
large, black ship went to sea
Eg. My
bike is redEg
. Which
hat is yours?
Eg
.
This
is my dog
Place the noun into a group or type
Eg. Chinese, Australian
Eg. The
Siamese
cat walked
Factual
Classifying
Eg.
Yours, ours, mineSlide12
Adjectives
Describing word. Adds meaning
DistributiveIndefinite
Numeral
Modal
Refers to an individual noun, as opposed to the group
Refers to the number, but not specific number
The specific number of nouns
Shows the probability of something
Eg
. Each, every, either, neither
Eg
. Some, many, few, most
Eg. Ten, one, fifty,
Eg. Probably, possible, definite
Eg.
Each flower pretty
Eg
. There are many
cows
Eg
. I have
ten cupcakes
Eg. A
probable
outcome
The order of things in numerical sequence
Eg
. Tenth, first, fifth
Eg
. The runner came
third.
Cardinal
OrdinalSlide13
Number
Opinion
Size
Age
Shape
Origin
Material
Purpose
Ten
l
ovely
big
n
ew
b
ell shaped
Australian
natural
decorative
NOUN
flowers
ADJECTIVE ORDER
Eg.Slide14
Conjunctions
Joining words. Hold the text together
Correlative conjunctions
Subordinate
Eg.
Both… and,
Either.. Or, Not… but
Used to connect two parts of a sentence together
Eg
. After, although,
because, whenever, before, though, once
Eg. They play netball
because
they enjoy it
Conjunctions that exist in pairs
Eg. I don’t like either
banana's or
tomato's
Coordinate
Eg. But, and, for
Used to connect two
phrases, words or clauses together
Eg. I ate dinner
but
I didn’t like it
Connectors
Eg.
Secondly, then, next, lastly
Used to connect two sentences or paragraphs together
Eg.
Lastly
I jumped into bedSlide15
Preposition
Shows relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words
Time
Place/ Direction
Eg. By, after, from
Where is it?
Eg. In, around, at, down
Eg.
From
Monday to Friday
Eg. I live
down
the street
When does it happen?
Manner
How did it happen?
Eg. In, like, by
Eg. He left
in
confusion
Means/ Agent
Purpose
Eg. With, by, from
Why was this done?
Eg. for
Eg. I cut the meat
with
a knife
Eg. I bought bread
for
them
Who are what did it?
State/
Condition
How/where is it?
Eg. at
Eg. My friend is
at
work
Quantity/ Measure
How much? How long?
Eg. for
Eg. We drove
for
20km’sSlide16
Modal Verbs
Give information as to the possibility or certainty being expressed
Low modality
High modality
Eg. May, might, could
Things that will or must happen
Eg. Must, will, have to
Eg. I
will
finish this assignment
Things that might happen
Eg. I
may
finish this assignment
Medium modality
Eg. Should, can, need to
Things that can or should happen
Eg. I
should
finish this assignmentSlide17
Phrasal Verbs
A combination of a verb and a noun/adverb, where it changes the meaning of the original verbTransitive
IntransitiveInseparable
Separable
Phrasal Verbs that have no object
Phrasal Verbs that have an object
Eg. I give up
The object of the sentence can be moved in between the verb and the noun/adverb
The verb and the noun/adverb are unable to be separated for the sentence to make sense
Eg. I
picked up the bag/
I picked the bag
up
Eg. The bus waited for everyone to get onSlide18
Adverbs
A word that describes a verb, adjective or adverb
Adverb of manner
Adverb of place
Adverb of time
Adverb of degree
Describes how an action is carried out
Eg.
Happily, gladly, quickly, slowly, carefully, loudly
Describes where an action has taken place
Eg
. Inside, outside, here, there, everywhere
Eg. The cow mooed
loudly
Eg. I ran there
Describes when an action has taken place
Describes the intensity/degree of the action
Eg
. Extremely, completely, very, enough
Eg
. Tomorrow, never, today, December, early
Eg. I finished all of my homework
yesterday
Eg.
She has
almost
finished
Adverb of reason
Tell why something is happening
Eg
. Therefore,
Eg.
Therefore
I argueSlide19
Simple Tense
Past/Present/FuturePast Tense
Present tense
Future tense
Used to describe something of the past
Eg
. Worked, studied, washed, cooked
Eg. I have
washed my car
Used to describe an action that’s currently happening
Used to refer to actions that will occur in the future
Eg
. Going, will,
Eg
.
Looks, every Friday, boils, leaves
Eg. The train
leaves at 3:15
Eg. I
will be
staying with them
Eg
. went, drank, sang,
Eg. I
drove
from Ballarat
Regular
IrregularSlide20
Tense
ContinuousPresent Continuous
Past continuous
Expresses the idea that something is happening now
The past continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment
Was/were + present participle
Am/is/are + present participle
Eg. I
am
doing it now
She
is doing it later
They are finishing
Eg. He was going to the football
They were
going
Future continuous
Expresses when the action is taking place in the future
Will be/Be going to + present participle
Eg. You
will be
excited
Are you
going to
wait for her?Slide21
Tenses
Present Perfect/Past PerfectPresent perfect
Past Perfect
Something that has happened but is still occurring
A recently completed action
Expresses a past action that occurred prior to another event
Expresses a completed action with a time expression of the actions duration
Eg
.She understood the movie
because she had read the book
Often uses words such as ‘just’ or ‘recent’
Uses phrases starting with ‘for’ or ‘since’
Eg.
Her train has just
arrivedEg.
We have been living in Jindivick for 13 years
A previous action that has present relevance
An event that occurs over time, but is complete now
Sentences containing activity verbs expressing change overtime
Often refers to an accomplishment which is deemed relevant
Eg
. My enjoyment of uni has increased since doing placement
Eg.
I have only slept through one lecture
Formed with the past tense of the verb ‘have’ and a past participle. Consists of one main clause, and one subordinate clause
Future Perfect
Something that will be completed
Eg
. He
will have helped
100 people this year
Formed with the past tense verb but talking about something that will happen