See timeline pages 262 and 263 WWI French did not want to participate in a British Imperial War Conscription Crisis Many angered that soldiers instructed in English Nationalist WWII Conscription Crisis ID: 441572
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Slide1
French Nationalism
See timeline pages 262 and 263Slide2
WWI
French did not want to participate in a “British Imperial War”
Conscription Crisis
Many angered that soldiers instructed in English(Nationalist)Slide3
WWII
Conscription Crisis
Did not vote yes during plebiscite
Again angered that soldiers not instructed in FrenchFrench Regiment – Van Doos
(Nationalist)Slide4
PR. Duplessis
Premier in Quebec 1940s and 1950s, led Union
Nationale
CorruptAccepted kickbacks
“Great Darkness”Padlock LawsDuplessis
Orphans
Fleur de
lisSlide5
PR. Lesage
“Quiet Revolution”
“
Maitres Chez Nous”Hydro Quebec
Society became more secular (moved away from farm, faith and family)Schools changed curriculum – emphasized Science and Math instead of Humanities and TheologySlide6
PM Pearson
Became Prime Minster during Quiet Revolution
Wanted the French Canadians to feel more at home
Bi and Bi Commission (1963)Report stated that Canada should be bilingual and offer schools across country in both languagesSlide7
PM Trudeau
1969 – Passed Official Languages Act
Made Canada officially bilingual
Showed French that their future was with CanadaFederal services now in French and English
More Francophones in senior government positions
Some supported – put children in French Immersion
Others did not – the West felt that too much emphasis was put on the French
Some
Francophones
also were displeased – wanted special statusSlide8
Separatism
Began in 1960s and 1970s
Levesque formed
Parti QuebecoisSome groups in Quebec wanted to eliminate Anglophone influence
FLQ – violent, terrorist groupMany “colonies” rising against colonial rulers
Disgruntled – rising unemployment and national discontent
200 bombings between 1963 and 1970Slide9
October Crisis 1970 – PM Trudeau PR Bourassa
FLQ kidnapped James Cross October 5
Wanted political prisoners released, money and manifesto broadcasted
Pierre Laporte
kidnapped October 10Trudeau passed War Measures Act
"Well, there are a lot of bleeding hearts around who just don't like to see people with helmets and guns. All I can say is, go on and bleed. But it's more important to keep law and order in this society than to be worried about weak-kneed people who don't like the looks of..."
Ralfe
interrupted: "At any cost? How far would you go with that? How far would you extend that?" Trudeau replied with a sentence that became a catchphrase of North American politics: "
Well, just watch me."Slide10
“Just watch me….”Slide11
October Crisis 1970
Over 450 detained, most eventually released without being charged
October 17 – Body of Pierre
Laporte found in the trunk of carDecember – holding cell of Cross found, Cross released and kidnappers given passage to Cuba
Many criticized the government use of War Measures Act and its infringement on civil libertiesSlide12
PR. Rene Levesque – Parti
Quebecois
1967-68 – Levesque left the Liberal Party and formed the
Parti Quebecois
Wanted Quebec and Canada to divorce rather than suffer through and unhappy marriageWon election in 1976 (only won seven seats in 1970)
Promised during election that he would hold a referendum
Passed Bill 101 – French language bill: made French only official language of Quebec
Quebecois in Quebec supported bill
Anglophones felt oppressed and looked to federal governmentSlide13
PR Levesque – 1980 Referendum
Sovereignty-Association
Politically independent but maintained close economic ties
Free tradeCommon currency
Common tariffsTrudeau campaigned against yes vote
Result – 40% yes and 60% noSlide14
PM Trudeau – 1982 Constitution
In 1982 Trudeau
patriated
constitutionAmending FormulaNotwithstanding Clause
Levesque not included in “Kitchen Compromise”Quebec did not sign constitutionSlide15
PM Mulroney: Meech
Lake and Charlottetown
1984 - Mulroney wanted to bring Quebec back into constitutional fold
Bourassa (pro-federalist) now Premier in Quebec1987 –
Meech Lake Accord, aimed to recognize Quebec as a distinct society, failed because Manitoba and Newfoundland would not support, seen
Lucien Bouchard – left Mulroney’s Cabinet and formed Bloc Quebecois
1992 – Charlottetown Accord: national referendum following a citizens forum. No vote 54.3%, highest in BC at 68.3%Slide16
PR. Jacques Parizeau (PQ)
1995: separatist referendum held in Quebec
No vote 49.4% - many Canadians shocked at such a close resultSlide17
PM Chretien
Became Premier in 1993
Passed the Clarity Act
Ensured that question had to be clearOttawa would only negotiate if substantial Quebec majority vote for it
Made separatism more difficultSlide18
PM Harper
Recognized Quebec as a “nation within a nation” in 2008
TODAY?Slide19
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