Pioneers of Animation Dr Midori Kitagawa University of Texas at Dallas Arts and Technology Program J Stuart Blackton 18751941 Winsor McCay 18671934 John Bray 18741978 Max Fleischer 18831972 ID: 177896
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Slide1
History:Pioneers of Animation
Dr. Midori Kitagawa
University
of Texas at Dallas
Arts
and Technology ProgramSlide2
J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941)Winsor McCay (1867-1934)
John Bray (1874-1978)
Max Fleischer (1883-1972)Walt Disney (1901-1966)
History: Pioneers of animationSlide3
Father of animation
In 1896 as a reporter/artist for the
New York Evening World
newspaper, Blackton interviewed Thomas Edison
Became a "rapid-drawing cartoonist" for a series of Edison shorts.
J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941)Slide4
Combined stop motion, puppetry, and live action
Enchanted Drawing
, 1900
Humorous Phases of Fanny Faces
, 1906
J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941)Slide5
Father of character animation
Already well known for his newspaper cartoons “Little Nemo”, 1905-1914
Winsor McCay (1867-1934)Slide6
Gave believability and personality to his hand-drawn characters
Gertie the Dinosaur,
1914
Winsor McCay (1867-1934)
Sinking of Lusitania,
1916Slide7
Founder of the animation industry
Reporter for the
Detroit Evening News, 1901-
In 1914 Bray’s partner Earl Hurd patented the use of clear cels over background
Hurd and Bray formed the Hurd and Bray Patent Company in 1914
John Randolph Bray (1874-1978)Slide8
Turned artistic work into an assembly-line production
With additional patents obtained by Bray, the company monopolized the animation process
The patents expired in 1932
Much of what Bray claimed to have invented have been credited to McCay and others.
John Randolph Bray (1874-1978)
Colonel Heeza Liar’s, 1913Slide9
Inventor of the rotoscope
A cartoonist and photographer for the
Brooklyn Daily Eagle
Art director for the magazine
Popular Science
Worked at Bray’s studioMax Fleischer (1883-1972)Slide10
Rotoscope
Traces the movement of live actors, frame by frame
Max Fleischer (1883-1972)Slide11
Produced the first animation with a synchronized sound track in 1924
Fleischer studio produced
Betty Boop
,
Popeye
, and
Superman cartoon seriesAffected by the Hays Code in 1934
Max Fleischer (1883-1972)
Tantalizing Fly, 1919
1933
1935Slide12
Inventor of the family entertainment
Film producer, director, screen writer, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur
Greatly influenced 20
th
century American culture
Walt Disney (1901-1966)Slide13
Father of Mickey Mouse
Steamboat Willie (1928) was not the first Mickey Mouse cartoon produced or released
Not the first sound cartoon either
The first sound cartoon that achieved wide commercial success
Walt Disney (1901-1966)Slide14
“Disney’s memory belongs to the public; Max’s to those who remember him by choice.” (Heraldson, 1975)
History: Pioneers of animationSlide15
Midori Kitagawa, Ph.D.
midori@utdallas.edu