History of Spaceflight - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

History of Spaceflight Slide2

First documented attempt at spaceflight in 1500 in China

Wan Hu (China)Fireworks (rockets)

strapped to chair Slide3

Most math and physics used in spaceflight was developed 1650-1910!Slide4

Influence of Science Fiction

H. G. Wells

Jules VerneSlide5

First Space Engineers

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

(Russian, 1857-1935)

First to analyze rocket motion using Newton's Laws of Motion Slide6

Hermann

Oberth (German, 1894-1989)Published a paper in 1923 on the use of rockets for flying people into space Slide7

Robert Goddard

(1882-1945)Received first patent for a rocket in 1914 first stable liquid-propellant rocket in 1926Slide8

German and Soviet Rocket Clubs formed in 1920's and 1930's

Werner von Braun (German) Walter Dornberger (German) Sergei Korolev (Russian)Slide9

WWII, GermanySlide10

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjFTN-YdK_MSlide11

After the war, some German rocket scientists went to the USSR and some to the US (including von Braun)Slide12

The Space Race

Primary interest in US and USSR was to develop rockets to deliver nuclear weapons to distant targets Oct 4, 1957 -- USSR placed Sputnik I (184 lb satellite) into Earth orbit;

US feared that this meant USSR was technically superior and could launch nuclear weapons via rockets Slide13

Nov 3, 1957 -- USSR orbited Sputnik II (1120 lb spacecraft with passenger dog

Laika, who lived for a week) Slide14

Werner von Braun took over US efforts

Explorer I (18 lb. satellite) into orbit on Jan 31, 1958 Slide15

March 1958 -- Pres. Eisenhower formed NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space

Admininstration)Slide16

National Defense Education Act

Signed into law on September 2, 1958Slide17

April 12, 1961 -- Yuri Gagarin became first human to orbit Earth Slide18

May 5, 1961 -- Alan

Shepard flew for 15 min. on sub-orbital flight Slide19

Feb. 1962 -- John Glenn first US astronaut to orbit Earth Slide20

Space Race became a race to the moon

Pres. Kennedy challenged US to send astronauts to moon and back before 1970 Slide21

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kza-iTe2100Slide22

Rocket plane development (X-1, X-15) -

alternative path that US did not pursue some believe it would have been betterSlide23

X -15

1959 -1968World record for the fastest speed ever reached by a manned rocket powered aircraft.4,519 mphSlide24

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3zdkn_x15_techSlide25

Mercury Program

Single astronautsSlide26

Gemini Program

pairs of astronautsfirst space walksSlide27
Slide28

Gemini RendevousSlide29

Apollo Program

triples of astronauts to the moonSlide30
Slide31

Saturn VSlide32

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvWHnK2FiCkSlide33
Slide34

Moon RoverSlide35

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bLH11-DbqM&feature=fvwrelSlide36
Slide37

Space Shuttle

(National Space Transportation System --NSTS)

Development of shuttle system begun in

1970's

First orbiter -- Enterprise (named by popular demand of Star Trek fans)Slide38

http://

sciencestage.com/v/725/atlantis-rocks-it.htmlSlide39

List of orbiters:

Enterprise

Discovery

Atlantis

Endeavour (replaced Challenger)

Challenger (destroyed during launch, Jan. 28, 1986 -- all crew were lost)

Columbia (destroyed on re-entry,

Feb

. 1, 2003 -- all crew were lost) Slide40

Interstellar travel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdjL8WXjlGISlide41

Difficulties of interstellar travel

Vast distances



very

great speed and/or a very long

travel time

Vacuum

Radiation

Weightlessness

MicrometeoroidsSlide42

The fastest outward-bound spacecraft yet sent,

Voyager 1,

would take 72,000 years to get to

Proxima

CentauriSlide43

Solar sail

Reduce time to ~ 2000 yearsSlide44

Nuclear pulse propulsion

Reduce time to ~ 100 yearsSlide45

Fusion Powered Spacecraft

Human Outer Planet Exploration (NASA/MSFC, 2003),

ICAN-II (The Pennsylvania State University)Slide46

Relativistic Time Dilation

As velocities approach

the speed of light

, relativistic

time dilation

would make the voyage much shorter for the travelerSlide47

http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Vpu6yJPRVQSlide48

Wormholes

Schwarzschild wormholes or Einstein-Rosen bridges are bridges between areas of space Slide49

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/relativ/tdil.htmlSlide50

Newton’s Laws of Motion and Rockets Slide51

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Objects in motion tend to

stay in

motion in a straight line

unless

acted on by an unbalanced force. Slide52
Slide53

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

As force is increased, acceleration increases. As mass is increased,

acceleration

decreases. Therefore, force equals mass

times

acceleration.

(force = mass x

acceleration)Slide54
Slide55

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

For every action or force there is an equal, opposite and simultaneous

reaction or force Slide56
Slide57

http://

www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/Introduction_to_Newtons_Laws.htmlSlide58

http://

www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/12/21/science/20101221-Moon.html