Geography of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific Ocean and stretches from Asia almost to Australia Part of the warm humid tropics where Monsoon winds bring the region heavy seasonal rains ID: 598617
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Slide1
Kingdoms of Southeast Asia Slide2
Geography of Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific Ocean and stretches from Asia almost to Australia.
Part of the warm humid tropics, where Monsoon winds bring the region heavy seasonal rains.
Political power often was whoever controlled the trade routes and harbors. Slide3
Influence of India and China
Indian merchant ships took advantage of the monsoon winds, and began to arrive in Southeast Asia.
Spread Hindu and Buddhist missionaries. Impacted culture including religion, languages, and art form.
Chinese ideas and culture spread southward in the region through migration and trade, exerting political influence mainland. Slide4
Small but Powerful
Several early kingdoms, empires arose in Southeast Asia
Most small, a few quite powerful
Blended influences from India, China to create own unique societies, cultures
The Pagan Kingdom
AD 800s,
Burmans
established kingdom of Pagan, in what is now Myanmar
Located in fertile Irrawaddy River valley, ideal for rice farmingFirst king, Anawrahta, ruled 1044 to 1077, conquered surrounding areas
Early Kingdoms and EmpiresSlide5
The Pagan Kingdom
1057,
Anawrahta
united much of what is now Myanmar under his rule
Conquests provided Pagan with access to trading ports
Anawrahta’s
kingdom prospered
Anawrahta, successors supported Theravada Buddhism, built thousands of Buddhist templesPagan became center of Buddhist learning
1287, Kublai Khan’s Mongols demanded tribute from Pagan; king refused and attacked; was crushedOne of king’s own sons killed him, then agreed to pay tribute to the MongolsPagan survived, but lost powerMyanmar people consider Pagan classical age of history, cultureSlide6
Khmer Empire was for centuries, main power of mainland.
800’s, Khmer had conquered neighboring kingdoms and created an empire.
Improved cultivation of rice became prosperous
Built irrigation systems to help grow crops.
Built extensive city and temples to a symbol mountain dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu as a well as an observatory.
The Khmer EmpireSlide7
Powerful Khmer empire arose southeast of Pagan, in what is now Cambodia
Early 800s, Khmer people began to conquer kingdoms around them, build great empire
Empire reached height between 850 and 1250, controlled much of Southeast Asian mainland
Expensive building projects, invaders contributed to empire’s decline
Khmer Empire reflected strong Indian influence
Adopted Hindu, Buddhist beliefs, ruled as gods
Empire’s capital city, Angkor, symbolized shape of Hindu universe, temple at its center
Indian Influence
Built vast temple complexes;
Angkor
Wat
ruins still stand
Empire grew prosperous from rice farming
Built irrigation system covering 12.5 million acres, grew several crops per year
Rich from Rice
The Khmer EmpireSlide8
Khmer culture is “
Indianized
”; influenced mostly by India
-
religion
: Hinduism; worshiped Shiva and Vishnu; followed caste system with Brahmins
-
architecture: temples and monuments were built in honor of Hindu gods such as Angkor Wat- art: stone carvings taught by Indian Brahmans. - public works: learned how to make irrigation systems and waterways from BrahmansInfluences on Khmer CultureSlide9
Island Trading Kingdoms
Powerful kingdoms also developed on Southeast Asia’s islands.
Sailendra
ruled an agricultural kingdom on the island of Java, but eventually fell under the domination of the powerful island empire of
Sriviljava
.
Grew wealthy by taxing the trade that passed through its waters. Srivijavas established their capital, Palembang. Slide10
Dai Viet
The people of Southeast Asia least influenced India were the Vietnamese.
Vietnam fell under Chinese domination during the Han Dynasty.
Vietnam broke away in 900 A.D.
Became independent in 939 known as Dai Viet.
Absorbed Chinese cultural influences including Buddhism and ideas about government. Slide11
Dai Viet
Preserved a strong spirit of independence and kept their own cultural identity.
Though Vietnamese women had more freedom and influence than their Chinese counterparts.
Rulers of the Ly Dynasty located their capital at Hanoi, on the Red River Delta.
Strong central government and encouraged agriculture and trade
Improved roads and river transportation.