US oil fields from above 7 reasons why oil is rare Oil amp NG Extraction Wildcat test wells 90 duds lose but writeoff Drill bit mud casing directional drilling blowback control flushing 91 ID: 404925
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Pinedale anticline, WY" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Pinedale anticline, WYSlide2
US oil fields from aboveSlide3
7 reasons why oil is rareSlide4
Oil & NG Extraction
“Wildcat” test wells (90% duds, lose $
but
write-off
)
Drill bit, “mud”, casing, directional drilling, blow-back control, flushing (9:1
water:oil
), “
fracking
” tight reservoirDefinition/appraisal wells (bottom/sides) once outlined the pay zone3D seismic + simulations1st extraction gets < 30% of oil in place (OIP)2nd : Repressurize by injecting water/nitrogen gas. Pushes oil to wells, recovery boosted to ~50%Tertiary recovery: inject detergents/steam/CO2Finally remove NG cap, stranding 30-40% oilSlide5
Well types &
drill bitsSlide6
Draining Oil/NG Field
1
1’
3Slide7
Other
examples
Nitrogen injection
CollapseSlide8
N. American Oil (NG) frontiers
Deep Gulf of Mexico
Shale Oil (horizontal drilling) & “tight gas”
Not a recent technical breakthrough, merely sustained high oil prices
Unsustainable mode of natural gas extraction
$5 M for fracking after $4M drilling / well
Canadian Tar (“Oil”) Sands (in situ processing)
Arctic Ocean Shelf (horizontal drilling)
East CoastSlide9
Off-shore oil infrastructure
Off-shore drilling platform sequence
Extremely expensive, so big rush to move to next well
Reservoirs highly pressurized so fade rapidly
Oil very hot but deep water cold, so de-pressurized NG forms methane hydrate icesSlide10
up to 1994
XSlide11
“Tight” Oil in shale (animation)
Mobilized by “fracking”Slide12
Oil field pyramids
Reserves
# of fields
Super giant
>5 billion bbl
54
Giant
0.5-5 billion
263
Large50-500 million481Others<50 million70,000+
Field size
Flow rate
Many are
> 60 yrs old
Many produce
< 10 bbls / day