Rise of Japan Review 1853 Japan opened to outside trade 1868 Mutsuhito Meiji comes to throne and modernizes 18941895 Japan attacks and defeats China SinoJapanese War 19041905 Japan attacks and defeats Russia ID: 500675
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Slide1
Rise of TotalitarianismSlide2
Rise of Japan
Review:
1853: Japan opened to outside trade
1868 Mutsuhito (Meiji) comes to throne and modernizes
1894-1895 Japan attacks and defeats China
Sino-Japanese War
1904-1905 Japan attacks and defeats Russia
Russo-Japanese War
Annexes Korea
First time an Asian nation defeated a Western or European nation
Japan is lone Asian great powerSlide3
During World War I
Obtained German holdings in Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia, and China
Later obtained a permanent seat in League of Nations CouncilSlide4
Rise of Militarism
1930s: Weakened by depression
Silk trade (the main export) collapsed – hurt farmers
But price of rice went up
Many left for other countries (e. g. the United States)
Weaknesses in
gov’t
(weak parliament, corruption, communist party) led to attempted coups
Allowed the military to gain more powerSlide5Slide6
Rise of Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism –
Gov’t
(led by dictator) controlled every aspect of life
Examples: Hitler and National Socialism (Nazi), Josef Stalin and Soviet CommunismSlide7
U.S.S.R.
Lenin instituted NEP
Step toward capitalism
Lenin died 1924
Power vacuum
Stalin (from Georgia) won 1929Slide8
Stalinist Russia
Joseph Stalin
Revered Lenin
Cult of Personalities
Revolution from above
Force heavy industry
Collectivization of Agriculture
Merge all farms into state run farms
Dekulakization
Purges
Use of terror
End counterrevolutionaries
Get rid of old Bolsheviks
Stalin rewrote history with himself as hero
Left only yes-men
Purge army
Sent people to gulags
Marxism?Slide9
Rise of Fascism
Fascism (coined by Benito Mussolini)
Nation is driving force
No individualism (or human rights)
Violence is revered
Ultra nationalism
Antithesis of classical liberalismSlide10
Rise of Fascism
Italy
Broken from WWI
Socialist movement
Mussolini
Black shirts
March on Rome
Given Prime Minister
Il Duce
Tried to build Italian Empire
Invaded EthiopiaSlide11
Spain
Francisco Franco
Became dictator
Suppressed culture
Spanish Civil War
As Hitler was building up, he supported and tested tactics against Spanish RepublicansSlide12
Rise of Fascism
Germany
National Socialism – Nazism
Weimar Republic (formed at end of WWI)
Problems
Many parties
Blamed for Versailles Treaty
Jews became scapegoats
Runaway inflation
Reparations
Americans help with reparations
Until Great DepressionSlide13
Hitler
Formed Brown Shirts (
Stormtroopers
)
1923 failed coup
Wrote
Mein
Kampf
in prison
Aryans
Jews have no state
Lebensraum
Germany needs to be powerful
Needs a dictatorSlide14
Hitler campaigns
Great Depression caused 40% unemployment
1932: Nazis were largest party in parliament
Communists 2
nd
1933 Became Chancellor (to stamp out communism)
Dismantled constitution
Sole dictator
Der
Führer
1934
Purged party
Wanted to owe nothing
GestapoSlide15
Became totalitarian
Stamped out culture
Spread anti-Semitism
Hitler YouthSlide16
“A bomber aircraft on take-off carries 12 dozen bombs, each weighing 10 kilos. The aircraft takes off for Warsaw the international centre for Jewry. It bombs the town. On take-off with all bombs on board and a fuel tank containing 100 kilos of fuel, the aircraft weighed about 8 tons. When it returns from the crusade, there are still 230 kilos left. What is the weight of the aircraft when empty ?"