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S exually  T ransmitted  D iseases What is an  STD ? This is an infection S exually  T ransmitted  D iseases What is an  STD ? This is an infection

S exually T ransmitted D iseases What is an STD ? This is an infection - PowerPoint Presentation

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S exually T ransmitted D iseases What is an STD ? This is an infection - PPT Presentation

S exually T ransmitted D iseases What is an STD This is an infection that can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected individual They are sometimes called sexually transmitted infections STIs ID: 761781

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases

What is an STD? This is an infection that can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected individual. They are sometimes called sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STDs can be transmitted many different ways, but most can be passed by : Vaginal sex Anal sex Oral sex Skin-to-skin contact Infected Mother to child

Why Is This Important?20 million new infections every year in the U.S. Often no signs or symptoms People are unaware of infection, and don’t receive treatment. Long-term damage May have passed infection to others More than 50% of all people will have an STD at some point in their lifetime

Impact on Youth 23% 27% N=21,752 N=9,081

Myth or Fact?You CANNOT get an STD from oral sex. Birth control protects against pregnancy and STDs. Once you’ve had an STD, you CANNOT get it again. Anal sex has a higher risk of spreading STDs than many other types of sexual activity. Only gay and bisexual men get STDs. You CANNOT get an STD if your partner is a virgin.Only promiscuous or “trashy” people get STDs. You CANNOT have two STDs at onceYou can get an STD from a toilet seat. Women are more likely to get tested for STDs.Lesbians CANNOT get STDs. If my partner has an STD, I’ll know/see it .

Are STDs Curable?Chlamydia Gonorrhea* Syphilis Trichomoniasis (parasitic protozoan) HIV Herpes HPV Hepatitis B Antibiotics can cure bacterial STDs, but cannot reverse the long-term damageTreatment can improve the lives of many people living with viral STDs, (but there is NO CURE)

Antibiotics can cure bacterial STDs…but not always the long-term damage.

ChlamydiaIn the U.S. Most frequently reported STD Estimated 1.71 million new cases in 2017Could fill the OU Football Stadium 20x ! How is it spread? 1. Vaginal , anal, or oral sex with someone who has chlamydia.2. Infected pregnant women can pass it to their baby during pregnancy or childbirth.

Chlamydia Possible symptoms include: Abnormal vaginal/penile discharge Burning sensation when urinating Rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding Pain/swelling in one or both testicles (less common) Can lead to: Sterility or infertility Infection spreading to tube that carries sperm to/from the testicles (causing pain and/or fever)Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ( PID) -Long-term abdominal/pelvic pain -Scar tissue formation in fallopian tubes -Ectopic pregnancy The “Silent” Disease!!!

ChlamydiaRates (Reported) by Age and Sex, U.S. in 2017

In the U.S.2nd most common disease reported Estimated 555,608 new cases in 2017 Gonorrhea How’s It Spread? Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has gonorrhea A pregnant woman infected with gonorrhea can give the infection to her baby during childbirth

GonorrheaPossible symptoms include: Painful or burning sensation when urinating Abnormal vaginal/penile discharge (white, yellow, or green) Rectal discharge, itching, soreness, bleeding Vaginal bleeding between periods Painful or swollen testicles (less common) Can lead to : Sterility or infertility Disseminated infection (rash, arthritis, fever, meningitis, etc.)Painful infection of tubes attached to the testiclesPelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) -Scar tissue formation in fallopian tubes -Ectopic pregnancy -Inability to get pregnant -Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain

Gonorrhea Rates (Reported) by Age and Sex, U.S. in 2017

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)A serious infection that affects a woman’s reproductive organs Often caused by untreated STDs, like chlamydia and gonorrhea May experience mild or no symptoms Pain in your lower abdomen FeverAn unusual discharge with a bad odor from your vaginaPain and/or bleeding when you have sexBurning sensation when you urinateBleeding between periodsTreatment can help if caught early but won’t undo any damage or complications to the reproductive system Formation of scar tissue outside & inside the fallopian tubes (blockage)Ectopic pregnancy Infertility Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain

Primary & Secondary Syphilis“The Great Imitator” affected approximately 30,644 people in 2017 in the U.S. How is Syphilis Spread? Direct contact with a syphilis sore (chancre) during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Can be spread from an infected mother to her unborn baby. Primary Syphilis Secondary Syphilis Tertiary/Late Syphilis

Primary Syphilis Chancre - syphilis sore Firm, round, and painless Appears within 2-6 weeks after exposure (could take up to 3 months) Found on the part of the body exposed to the infection (penis, vagina, anus, lips, in rectum, or in mouth) Typically disappear after a few weeks without treatment (still progresses to next stage)

Secondary Syphilis Appears about 4 weeks after chancre heals Will go away without treatment, but infection will progress Condylomata lata or “fleshy warts” in anogenital region Alopecia or p atchy hair loss non-itchy RASH with rough red or reddish brown spots Mucous Patches usually in the mouth, vagina, or anus

Primary and Secondary SyphilisRates (Reported) by Age and Sex, U.S. in 2017

Latent SyphilisThe period when there are no signs/symptoms but syphilis is still present in the body If left untreated, you can continue to have syphilis in your body for years without any signs or symptoms.

Late (Tertiary) SyphilisTypically Occurs 10-30 years after infection begins! Can damage almost any part of the body including the heart, brain, spinal cord, eyes and bones Can result in mental illness, blindness, deafness, heart disease and death Gumma : soft, gummy tumor Types Cardiovascular Syphilis Late Benign Syphilis Neurosyphilis Syphilis

Neurosyphilis SyphilisUsually occurs during late syphilis but can occur at anytime during the infection Symptoms: Difficulty coordinating muscle movements Paralysis (not able to move certain parts of your body) Numbness Blindness Dementia (mental disorder) Damage to internal organs Can result in death More likely to occur early in the disease process if HIV infection is also present!

Congenital Syphilis40% will be stillborn or die in the hospital Transmission can occur during any stage of syphilis and during any trimester of pregnancy Can cause: Prematurity Birth defects Hutchinson’s teeth Osteochondritis Developmental delays

TrichomoniasisEstimated 3.7 million in 2016 Parasite passed during vaginal sex 70% of infected people have no signs/symptoms Possible symptoms include: Itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals Burning with urination or ejaculation Thin discharge: can be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish - Can produce unusual or foul smellInfection usually occurs:Lower genital tract (vulva, vagina, penis or urethra) Greatly increases the risk of getting/spreading other STIs!

Genital Herpes (HSV-2) How is it Spread? V aginal , oral, or anal sex OR skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the virus Symptoms : One or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth The blisters break & leave painful sores that take weeks to healThese symptoms are sometimes called “having an outbreak” Usually characterized by NO or very mild symptoms… NO CURE. 1 in 8 people aged 14-49 have genital herpes.Most people do not know it!

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) How is HPV transmitted? Skin-to-Skin contact Vaginal, Anal, and Oral sex ( Vaginal & anal most common) HPV is VERY common! Most sexually-active men and women will get at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives (estimated 80%).

HPV-Related Health ProblemsGenital warts Cervical pre-cancer Other HPV-related cancers - #1 cause of cervical, anal, and penile cancers - Most people with HPV do not know they have it - There is no treatment for the virus itself, but there are treatments for health problems it can cause - In most cases, the immune system will overcome HPV on its own

Hepatitis “inflammation of the liver” Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C How is it spread? Person i ngests infected fecal matter —even in very small amounts— from contact with contaminated objects, food, drinksBlood, semen, or other body fluids from a person with the virus - even in very small amounts - enters the body of a non-infected person Blood from a person infected with the virus - even in very small amounts - enters the body of a non-infected person How long does it last? A few weeks to several months Mild illness (a few weeks) – Lifelong or chronic condition Mild illness (a few weeks) – Lifelong How serious is it? Most recover from mild illness with no lasting liver damage, but death can occur (although rare) 15-20% develop chronic liver disease including cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer 75-85% develop chronic liver disease, 5-20% develop cirrhosis, and 1-5% will die

Human I mmunodeficiency V irus HIV is spread through bodily fluids and affects specific cells of the immune system.HIV attacks CD4 (T-cells) that help fight disease.Without treatment, HIV will continue to replicate itself. HIV AIDS A cquiredI mmune D eficiency S yndrome AIDS is a late stage of the HIV infection. Once diagnosed, the body has a hard time fighting disease and certain cancers. There is NO cure for AIDS , but there is treatment.

Why is This Important?In the U.S. (2016 year-end) 38,739 people diagnosed with HIV 17,803 people diagnosed with AIDS

How is HIV Spread?from person to person through the exchange of bodily fluids3 Main Ways: Unprotected sex with people living with HIV (vaginal, oral, or anal) Blood to blood contact Exposure to HIV before or during birth or through breastfeeding

What Fluids Transmit HIV?Blood Semen Vaginal Fluids Rectal Fluids Breast Milk How Can HIV Enter the Body? HIV Can experience “flu-like” symptoms (if any) about 2-4 weeks after exposure: Fever, Enlarged lymph nodes, Sore throat, Rash Vagina Penis Anus Broken SkinMouthNose EyesEars

Treatment Extends LivesBUT, medication can be: Expensive - $30,000 a year ($379,668 lifetime/2010)Complicated – many pills at specific times of day Toxic – side effects are common Ineffective – not all strains of HIV respond

PrEP as PreventionPre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) : daily medicine that can stop HIV from replicating inside the body PrEP is only prescribed for HIV-negative individuals who are at ongoing substantial risk of getting HIV PrEP reduces the risk of getting HIV when taken consistently more than 90% from sexual contact more than 70% among IDUs

Reducing the Risk of STDsNO RiskAbstinence (sex): not having oral, vaginal or anal sex Abstinence (drugs): not using drugs (HIV, HCV) No genital contact since some are spread by touch (HPV, HSV)Mutual monogamy between non-infected partners REDUCED Risk Protected Sex : “correct and consistent” use of condoms/barriers Fewer sexual partners Regular HIV/STD Testing : at least once a year Never sharing needles or “works” (HIV, Hepatitis) PrEP : daily preventative medication (HIV)

Male CondomsMore than 98% effective when used correctly and consistently Latex (most common and effective) “ Non-Latex ”: Polyurethane, P olyisoprene Natural Membrane : Lambskin*

Male Condom Use Looks like a hat or sombrero or the top of a baby’s bottle

Male Condom UseDo’s:DO keep condoms in a cool, dry place DO put the condom on an erect (hard) penis before any genital contact DO hold the condom in place at the base of the penis before withdrawing (pulling out) after sex DO throw the condom away after it’s been usedDO use water-based lubrication (vaginal sex) or silicone-based (anal sex) Don’ts: DON’T use expired condoms DON’T unroll the condom before putting it on the penisDON’T leave condoms in hot places (wallet, car, etc.) DON’T use oil-based products (baby or cooking oils, hand lotion, Vaseline, etc.) as lubricants with latex condomsDON’T use your fingernails or teeth while opening the condom wrapper. DON’T reuse a condom or use more than one condom at a time (‘double wrapping’)

Female CondomsWorn inside the vagina (or anus) Thicker and more tear-resistant Always latex-free Wider opening covers more pelvic area Dental Dams Thin, square pieces of latexUsed for oral sex Could make your own dental dam (from a condom, latex glove, or non-microwavable plastic wrap)More Protection

All sexually active people are at risk for STDs

Get Yourself Tested!HIV:--Everyone aged 15 through 64 should get tested at least once --People who have occasional exposure to HIV risks = at least once a year --People who are at high risk for HIV infection = 3-6 months Syphilis: --If you are pregnant --Are a man who has sex with other men (MSM)--Have sex for drugs or money--Have HIV or another STD--Had sex with someone who tested positive for syphilis Chlamydia & Gonorrhea:Age 24 or younger and having sex = once every year Age 25 or older = if you have had more than one sex partner or with a new sex partner Talk with a doctor about getting tested if you have had sex with someone who tested positive for chlamydia or gonorrhea !

Where to Get Testedhttps://gettested.cdc.gov www.stdcheck.com www.gytnow.org Community-Based Organizations Local Health Departments www.health.ok.gov Check out these Apps:“STD Info, Symptoms & Testing”“STD Testing Centers Locator”

Resourceswww.cdc.govwww.health.ok.gov www.hiv.gov www.healthfinder.gov www.plannedparenthood.org www.sexetc.org www.gytnow.org www.stophiv.org www.ashasexualhealth.org www.iwannaknow.org www.nakedtruth.org www.rhtp.org OSDH-HIV/STD Service: 405-271-4636National HIV/AIDS Hotline: 800-535-2437