PPT-Scalar Gravitational Waves

A Consequence of the Quantum Trace Anomaly in Low Energy Gravity E Mottola Los Alamos National Laboratory preprint to appear April 2016 . In 1918 Einstein published the paper ÜBER GRAVITATIONSWELLEN [1] in which, for the first time, the effect of gravitational waves was calculated, resulting in his famous “quadrupole formula” (QF). Einstein was forced to this publication due to a serious error in his 1916 paper [2], where he had developed the linear approximation (“weak- field”) scheme to solve the field equations of general relativity (GR). In analogy to electrodynamics, where accelerated charges emit electromagnetic waves, the linearized theory creates gravitational waves, popagating with the speed of light in the (background) Minkowski space-time. A major difference: Instead of a dipole moment, now a quadrupole moment is needed. Thus sources of gravitational waves are objects like a “rotating dumbbell”, e. g. realized by a binary star system. In 1916, the year after the final formulation of the field equations of general relativity, Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves. He found that the linearized weak-field equations had wave solutions: transverse waves of spatial strain that travel at the speed of light, generated by time variations of the mass quadrupole moment of the source [1,2]. Einstein understood that gravitational-wave amplitudes would be remarkably small; moreover, until the Chapel Hill conference in 1957 there was significant debate about the physical reality of gravitational waves [3] The Child of General Relativity. A Necessary Change. Concepts after Einstein :-. Time is not absolute. There is no ether frame. Notion of . spacetime. Concepts before Einstein :-. There is a preferred reference frame ether. Sources and detection . Ravi . kumar. . Kopparapu. Center for Gravitational-Wave Physics (CGWP) . Gravity. Einstein’s General theory of relativity :. Gravity is a manifestation of curvature of 4- dimensional (3 space + 1 time) space-time produced by matter (metric equation ? g. (& Gravitons ?). -. Vishal. . Kasliwal. Classical Electromagnetism. Vacuum. Maxwell Field Equations. Light!!. Electromagnetic waves. Quantum Electromagnetism. Hamiltonian of Quantized. Field. where. A Brief Timeline of the . Discovery of Gravity. Aristotle. There . is . no effect or motion without a cause. . . The element of earth was thought to be heavy by nature and therefore pulled towards the centre of the (geocentric) universe.. gravity. and . the . acceleration of the Universe I. . Francisco S. N. Lobo . Centro de . Astronomia. e . Astrofísica. . da . Universidade. de . Lisboa. http. ://cosmo.fis.fc.ul.pt/~flobo/. Overview of Why and How. Dan Burbank and Tony Young. AST5022. Introduction. Background. Physics. Sources. Detectors and Detector Implications. Questions. Gravitational Waves . Speed-of-light wave propagation solution of Einstein’s Field Equations. with a Pulsar . T. iming Array. Lindley . Lentati. Cambridge University . Gravitational Waves. Fluctuations in curvature that propagate at the speed of light. Experiment . in the lab:. Using an accurate clock, record when you measure ticks. . Dennis Stewart. November. Smu. Modern Physics. 1. Outline for this talk. Einstein . Einsteins Contribution. Joseph Weber. LIGO. The Machine and How it works. The Chrip. Conclusion. 2. Albert Einstein. 1. Sandia . National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of  Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International,  Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.  SAND2017-6417C. Gravitational Waves: On the Brink of a New Astronomy. Tiffany Summerscales, Dept. of Physics. What are gravitational waves?. Einstein’s theory of General Relativity predicts that mass curves the fabric of . Alexander . Polnarev. QMUL, School of Physics and Astronomy, London, UK. Tarusa. , 10 September 2015. Talk Overview:. Introduction: . Free electrons + Anisotropy = Polarization. The History of Polarization in Cosmology: . Ra Inta (Texas Tech University) . for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo . Collaboration. LIGO . Document . G1700692-v3. 1. A tour of some applied mathematical tools used within the LIGO and Virgo collaborations.