Test Lab 13 Introduction A sweat test measures the amount of salt chemicals sodium and chloride in sweat Sodium and chloride are part of your bodys electrolyte balance and combine to form the salt found in ID: 585562
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Slide1
Sweat Test
Lab 13Slide2
Introduction A sweat test measures the amount of salt chemicals (sodium and chloride) in sweat.Sodium and chloride are part of your body’s electrolyte balance, and combine to form the salt found in
sweat.They
help regulate the fluid balance in your
tissues.
It
is done to help diagnose cystic fibrosis.
Normally, sweat on the skin surface contains very little sodium and chloride. People with cystic fibrosis (CF) have 2 to 5 times the normal amount of sodium and chloride in their sweat.Slide3
Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis (CF), mucoviscoidosis, or mucoviscidosis, is a life-threatening
hereditary disease inherited as
autosomal
recessive and is characterized by:
1.Increased
viscosity of mucous secretions, including
pancreas
, intestinal glands, tracheal,
peritracheal
,
bronchial.
Thick mucus production, as well as a less competent immune system, cause mucus to build up and clog some of the organs in the body, particularly in the lungs and
pancreas.
When
mucus clogs the
lungs, it makes
breathing very difficult. Slide4Slide5
It also causes bacteria (or germs) to stuck in the airways causing inflammation (or swelling) and infections which ultimately leads to lung damage.Mucus also can block the digestive tract and pancreas causing stop of digestive enzymes from getting to the intestines.
2. Increased concentration of electrolytes especially Na and CL, in secretion of other gland notably (sweat glands, Parotid salivary glands, lachrymal glands).Slide6Slide7
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF)Thick, viscous mucus secretions in the lungs Repeated infections.
Pale or clay colored Stools,
foul smelling, or
stools that float
meconium
ileus
is a typical finding in newborn babies with CF
Recurrent
pneumonia
Chronic cough, possibly with blood streaking
Wheezing
BronchitisSlide8
Chronic sinusitis Asthma Weight loss, failure to thrive in infants, abdominal swelling Excessive salt in sweat, dehydration Failure of newborn to pass stool Abdominal pain, flatulence
Fatigue Changes in color and amount of sputum (material coughed
up from the lungs) Slide9Slide10
Sweat AnalysisSlide11
Two methods of sweat analysis are most frequently used:1. Chloride concentration The sweat chloride analysis is recommended as the diagnostic test for CF. 2. Conductivity measurement
.
Sweat
conductivity may be used to screen for CF.Slide12
Sample collection
Earlier
methods:
to
stimulate the production of sweat including the use of humid high temperature room, and encasing the pts. Body in plastic. Slide13
Current methods1. A tiny amount of a sweat-stimulating liquid is applied to a small patch of skin on the arm or leg.
2. An electrode is then placed over the site & a weak electrical current stimulates the area.
This is a painless procedure that may create a tingling or warm sensation
.
3. After several minutes, the area is cleaned and sweat is collected for about thirty minutes, either into a plastic coil of tubing or onto a piece of gauze or filter paper.
4. The sweat obtained is then analyzed.Slide14
Procedure of the test
Done
on a baby's right arm or thigh
.
With
older child or adult, the test is usually done on the inside
of the
right
forearm.
Sweat
may be collected and analyzed from
two different
sites
.Slide15
1. Skin is washed and dried & then, 2 small gauze pads are placed the skin. - One pad is soaked with a medicine (called pilocarpine) makes skin sweat.- The other pad is soaked with salt water such as NaNO3.
2. The other pads called electrodes are placed over the gauze pads.Slide16
The sweat test usually takes 45 minutes to 1 hour.Slide17
3. After 5 to 10 minutes, the gauze pads and electrodes are removed, then the skin is cleaned with water and then dried. The skin will look red in the area under the medicine-containing pad4. A dry gauze pad, paper collection pad, or special tubing is taped to the red patch of skin. This pad is covered with plastic or wax to prevent fluid loss (evaporation). Slide18
5. The new pad will soak up the sweat for up to 30 minutes, then it is removed and placed in a sealed bottle. It is then weighed to measure how much sweat the skin produced, and it is checked to find out how much salt chemical (sodium and/or chloride) the sweat contains. 6. After the collection pad is removed, the skin is washed and dried again. 7. Then we measure CL by automated or manual titration method and Na by flame photometry or ion exchange electrode.Slide19
A sweat test measures the amount of salt chemicals (sodium and chloride) in sweat. Generally, chloride (sweat chloride) is measured.Sweat chlorideNormal Less than 40 mill moles per liter (
mmol/L)
Borderline
40–60
mmol
/L.
Abnormal
More than 60
mmol
/L.
Abnormal (high) values
: Usually mean a person has cystic fibrosis. Some people with cystic fibrosis have borderline or even normal sweat chloride levelsSlide20