EVENT DATE SIGNIFICANCE PERSPECTIVES Creation of Romanov dynasty 1613 Michael Romanov becomes first Tsar of Russia beginning Romanov dynasty Autocratic divine right rule Communist Manifesto published ID: 634803
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Slide1
The Russian Revolution - Chronology
EVENT
DATE
SIGNIFICANCE
PERSPECTIVES
Creation
of Romanov dynasty
1613
Michael
Romanov becomes first Tsar of Russia, beginning Romanov dynasty
.
Autocratic, divine right rule
Communist Manifesto published
1848
Deeply influenced
developing Russian political parties
Abolition of serfdom
1864
Introduction
of the
Zemstvos
and
Mir
Sergei Witte, minister of finance
1891
- 1901
Leads
economic reforms, contributes to construction of Trans-Siberia railway
POSITIVE
:
Lead industrial reform and increased foreign investment
NEGATIVE
: Created poor working conditions, neglect agriculture and over-reliance on foreign investment
Nicholas II assumes the throne
1894
Apprehensive to be
Tsar, yet deeply devoted to restoration of Tsarist Russia
‘Convinced intellectuals could not run the country’ (Pipes)
‘Weakness of
will lead to his demise’ (Hite)
‘Desperately wanted to hold onto the throne but did not have the necessary qualities’ (
Figes
)
Social democratic party est.
1898
Would split in to Bolshevik and Mensheviks parties in 1903
Social revolutionary party
est.
1901
More radical groups carry out terrorist acts against Tsarist govt
‘What is to be done?’ Lenin
1902
Expresses
Lenin’s intentions for SDs, resulting in Bolshevik/Menshevik split
Overturned
basic idea of Marxist doctrine of Social-democracy (Pipes)
Russo-Japanese
War
1904 – 1905
Economic
detriment and undermines faith in Tsar – Radical groups growSlide2
The Russian Revolution
AOS1 - Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events
WEEK 1: Politics and Ideologies of
pre-revolutionary RussiaSlide3
LEARNING INTENTION:
Identify the emerging key political groups that
challenged
the Tsarist system and explain their ideas
Understand the ideologies of the Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries,
Kadets
and the Octoberists differExplain how political groups developedExplain the obstacles preventing revolutionary groups from taking over before 1905
VCAA
Key Knowledge
The events and other conditions that contributed to the outbreak of revolution, including:
Tensions
in Tsarist Russia
The formation of the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
The role of individuals, including:
Lenin, Trotsky,
Kerenksy
The
ideas that played a significant role in challenging the existing order, including:
Revolutionary Populism
Marxism and Marxist-Leninism
VCAA Key
skills
ask
historical questions about the causes of revolution to inform an historical inquiry
analyse
the long-term causes
revolution
evaluate
the significance of ideas, events, individuals and popular movements that contributed to the outbreak of the revolutionSlide4
From ideology to politics:
Developing opposition to Tsarism
While leaders are crucial in a Revolution, it is ‘movements’ that begin revolutions
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS:
Parties, clubs or associations. Can be single minded in achieving a goal, or disorganised and spilt by ideological viewpoints
MILITARY MOVEMENTS
Military organisation to fight enemies and/or to overthrow government
POPULAR MOVEMENTS
Spontaneous and less defined ground which provide ‘ground force’ which professional revolutionaries need to win over
RUSSIA:
Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and the Socialist Democratic Party
RUSSIA:
Various mass strikes,
St Petersburg Soviet
RUSSIA:
The Red Army and the Cheka
FRANCE:Jacobins, Cordeliers
FRANCE:The National Guard
FRANCE:
Storming the BastilleSlide5
The main Revolutionary political movements in Russia
At the turn of the century, reformist and political groups began to have a deeper influence in Russia in response to the social and economic problems that had been emerging.
The main five for our purposes are
The Bolsheviks
The Mensheviks
Socialist Revolutionaries
Kadets (1905)OctobristsSlide6
The main Revolutionary political movements in Russia at the turn of the twentieth century
1870s
Nardoniks
(Populists)
1890s Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs)
1898 Social Democratic Workers’ Party (SDs)
1903
The Bolsheviks
1903
The Mensheviks
1905
Kadets
1905
Octoberists
Events of Bloody Sunday and the October Manifesto (Next class)
Left wing radical revolutionaries
Right wing moderate revolutionaries
Overthrow Tsar and middle class to attain socialism
Work with middle class, overthrow Tsar, gradual socialism
Land reform to benefit peasants
Constitutional Monarchy
Have Dumas with the Tsar retaining most of his powerSlide7
The main Revolutionary political movements in RussiaSlide8
Pre-revolutionary Politics timeline
Complete a profile
on a
each of the following political parties:Social Democrats
Nardoniks
(populists)
Kadets OctoberistsMake sure your profiles include the following information:When they were establishedMembers and support baseLeadership
Platform/methods
Legacy
Use the ‘Revolutionary Parties in Sweeney et al’ document and your text book to locate this
inforationSlide9
Obstacles to the Revolution
Police repression
:
Okhrana dispersed opponents to Tsarism. Censorship, imprisonment, exile and execution silenced criticism of tsarism
Division:
Underground socialists weren’t unified
Cohesion: Peasants and working class unable to see their power and believed Tsarism had value. Upper classes benefitted from current systemIsolation: Inefficiency of communication in vast country and low literacy – harder to spread propagandaConcession: Various reforms from Tsarist government diffused tension temporarily. We’ve discussed Witte, and others will become obvious next week