Presented at the IEEEPES Fort Worth Chapter Meeting February 16 2016 by Prof Mack Grady Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering Baylor University Waco Texas mackieeeorg 1 ID: 724729
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The Texas Synchrophasor Network Presented at the IEEE-PES Fort Worth Chapter MeetingFebruary 16, 2016byProf. Mack GradyDepartment of Electrical & Computer EngineeringBaylor UniversityWaco, Texasmack@ieee.org
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Texas Synchrophasor Network
Funding Provided by EPRI and Southwest Power Pool, Equipment and Technical Support Provided by Schweitzer Engineering Labs
OG&E Feeds
Operating Stations
Equipment in Place
Pending
WAPA Feeds
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30 measurements per second from each PMU. Vrms, Vangle, Frequency. OG&E PMUs also have Irms, Iangle. WAPA has one PMU with 20 measurements per second.108,000 lines of comma-separated data per hour. Standard PMU format. Each line contains readings for all PMUs for that 1/30th of a second.Thus, 24 hours have 2.6 million lines of comma-separated dataFor 15 PMUs, file storage is about 1 Gb per dayA “Big Data” Problem Solved With Smart Algorithms Based on Theory
AND
Experience with Actual Data
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A Weekly View of One-Minute Averages and Minimums Provides Valuable Insight4Slide5
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West Texas
Phase Angle
(Relative to Austin) Varies with
Wind Generation
A Weekly View of One-Minute Averages and Minimums Provides Valuable InsightSlide6
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A Weekly View of One-Minute Averages and Minimums Provides Valuable InsightSlide7
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A Weekly View of One-Minute Averages and Minimums Provides Valuable InsightSlide8
Eastern, ERCOT, WECC Grid Frequencies, One Minute Averages SuperBowl Sunday, Jan. 31, 2016. CST Hour Plot.Slide9
1-minute windowRelative phase angles, with minimums set to zero for screening purposes
Frequency at reference PMU
Vrms at reference PMU
FFT of U.T. Pan Am phase angle
Phasor diagram
PMU Waveform Analyzer and Event Screener, Main User Interface,
ERCOT Unit Trip Shown Below
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ERCOT, 2015/05/15, 17:29 GMT, CAT1
PMU Waveform Analyzer and Event Screener, Zoom-In,
ERCOT Transmission Line Fault Shown Below
Very large 13° peak-to-peak ringdown in Rio Grande Valley
Top Left.
No change in steady-state angle. Thus, this is NOT a unit trip or transmission line outage.
Bottom Right.
Short voltage sag in the Rio Grande Valley suggests a regional transmission fault with quick reclose.
Ringing affects frequency measurements, but there
is no inertial droop or change in steady-state frequency
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Weaker, overlooked, or unusual eventsEvent Detection Procedure (as of Feb, 2016). It runs hourly, requiring about 15 minutes to archive the data and analyize the hour. SPP can download each hour from Baylor server.
Main Screen
Major events
Higher frequency events
To be a major event, satisfy all these,
or have low frequency.
Satisfy all these to be a higher frequency event
Event Settings Screen
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Event Detection Procedure as of Dec, 2015Here you see the flagged events for a busy day, Nov. 29, 2015. There are 24 columns, one for each hour.CAT1 is the most severe, CAT2 has higher-than-normal natural resonant frequency, and CAT3 is the second (and lesser) tier of CAT1. Colored bars indicate minutes with event triggers.Designators _1, _2, and _3+ indicate that 1, 2, or 3 (or more) PMUs reported the same event.
Circles indicate that adjacent minutes also had triggers, or that more than one CAT type triggered for the same minute.
All triggered events are individually viewed. The most interesting events are presented in detail, as noted by page numbers.
SPP/Eastern Grid
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South Texas Nuclear Plant Trip, Jan. 27, 2016 1-Minute Window
Rio Grande Valley angle falls relative to Austin. West Texas and Waco angles rise.
Classic inertial frequency drop
Voltage sags then swells at all stationsSlide14
Feb. 11, 2016, 02:45 UTC 1-Minute WindowAngles drop in West Texas and at Waco. Angle rises in RGV. Unit trip is not in South Texas.Slide15
Feb. 08, 2016, 16:31 UTC 1-Minute WindowAll angles rise relative to Austin. Tripped unit is in Central Texas, South of Waco.Slide16
Feb. 12, 2016, 03:09 UTC 1-Minute WindowSame conclusions as last slide.Slide17
Feb. 12, 2016, 15:25 UTC 1-Minute WindowThere was a small unit trip at the beginning. But the event at the center is not a unit trip because there is no angle change or significant frequency drop. Voltage dip is seen everywhere except West Texas, and is most significant at Austin. This is likely a transmission fault clearing and successful reclose.Slide18
Feb. 12, 2016, 15:55 UTC 1-Minute WindowThese onsets of 0.8 Hz grid oscillations occur most days and are visible across ERCOT. They are short lived, and most intense in RGV. They are visible in voltage magnitude and angle, as well as in frequency.Slide19
Feb. 15, 2016, 04:16 UTC 2-Minute WindowAnother onset of 0.8 Hz high frequency oscillation across ERCOTSlide20
AcknowledgementsNavin Bhatt, EPRIJay Caspary and Ricky Finkbeiner, SPPDavid Costello (and many others), SELHarold Wyble, KCP&LPaul Brown and Don Veseth, NPPDJaime Ramos, University of Texas – Rio Grande ValleyAustin White, OG&E
Michael Bollen, Engility Corp. (DC area)
Stuart Cross, Big Bend Regional Medical Center, Alpine, TX
Danny Spencer, McDonald Observatory, Fort Stockton, TX
Scott Bayer, Austin Energy
Al Tamimi, Sunflower Electric Power Corp, Hays, KS
Andrew Mattei, Brazos Electric Power Coop, Waco (and Baylor PhD student)
Chris Weldy, Oncor, Dallas (and Baylor PhD student)
David Jonsson, Iceland, Baylor PhD student
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